204. THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Belonging in equal degree to the Hindustani and Indo-Chinese 
provinces: 10 species. 
Total for Indo-Malayan Region: 50 species. 
Belonging to the Manchurian and Mediterranean provinces 
of the Palearctic Region: 1 species. 
Belonging to the Siberian province of the Palearctic Region: 
6 species. 
Total for Palearctic Region : 7 species. 
But these statistics exclude the species of Indo-Malayan 
origin which also occur in the Palearctic Region in the Hima- 
layas, which, including immigrants, amounts to about ten, 
increasing the total of the family occurring in the Palearctic 
portion of the chain to seventeen. While, if we include all those 
species which frequent the two temperate zones on the outer 
hills, which belong climatically, although not zoologically, to 
the Palearctic Region, the number of tropical and temperate 
modifications of tropical forms belonging to the Indo-Malayan 
Region would be represented by the substantial total of twenty- 
eight, some eighteen being indigenous thereto, the remaining 
ten being only casual visitors. This affords an interesting 
comparison to that which is the case in-the preponderatingly 
Palearctic province of Northern China and Japan, where in 
corresponding climatal zones, though considerably further north, 
a somewhat similar intermingling of tropical and temperate 
forms takes place. Here, however, though the Indo-tropical 
element in the Rhopalocera fauna is probably equally in evidence 
as regards the number of individuals is concerned, the number 
of temperate Palearctic species is considerably in excess. This, 
however, does not apply to the Papilionide, in which family, 
strange to say, the tropical element is most numerous in species, 
consisting, in fact, of seventeen to only five of a Palearctic 
temperate character, according to Mr. H. J. Elwes in his 
interesting paper ‘‘ On the Butterflies of Amurland, North China, 
and Japan,” published in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological 
Society of London for 1881,’ in which are given the names of as 
many as ten Himalayan species (including Papilio machaon), 
which are also found there. 
It was no doubt the fact of the Indo-tropical facies being so 
pronounced that induced the late Dr. Staudinger to regard North 
China and Japan as an integral part of the Indo-Malay Region, 
although I personally fully concur with my venerable friend Dr. 
Alfred Russel Wallace in considering that they should be re- 
tained in the Palearctic Region, to the Manchurian province of 
which they properly belong. 
I will conclude by stating that the number of Himalayan 
Papilionide which range southwards to the equatorial districts 
of the Malay Peninsula, the Malay Archipelago, the Deccan, 
and Ceylon (including representative forms and geographical 
varieties) consists of at least twenty species. 
