a2 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
The ocelli appear to be intermediate between figs. 2 and 3, the light ring 
round the ocellus of the hind wings darkens almost to the colour of the 
border (exactly as in most heat-forms bred by experiment from northern 
pup), and the dark-coloured fore wings are suffused with fulvous. Northern 
pupe of V. 0, bred in a high temperature, occasionally produce specimens 
even darker than ab. sardoa, and sometimes the ground colour is suffused 
with brown. 
This variety exhibits a much more “ peacock-like”’ ocellus 
than the normal fly, and to breed it, almost to the exclusion of 
the type, I found it usually only necessary to keep the larve and 
pup in a sunny, warm room, in which the windows must be 
kept shut against cold during the nights. On the other hand, 
not one specimen of this perfect form emerged from pup which 
I kept in a dark, sunless, comparatively cold place, though 
it appeared from other pupe which I subjected to - 38° C. three 
times during the first days of their development. ‘‘ Contrasts 
in temperature ” here take effect. In this connection I would 
suggest that almost all kinds of ‘indoor conditions,” even if 
not purposely modified, differ so essentially from “wild” con- 
ditions, that their influence may be considered sufficiently 
abnormal to help in accounting for the fact that apparently the 
imagines reared in captivity are oftener given to variation than 
in open nature. 
Fig. 7, female, has violet lunules curved and pointed like 
teeth, ‘but I have also reared specimens with blue and whitish 
‘“‘teeth.” These imagines were of both sexes, and several other 
forms intermediate between figs. 7 and 8 were all males with only 
one exception. It seems that very large lunules appear much more 
easily in the female than in the male, especially on the hind wings; 
but generally the extent of variation in the size, shape, and 
position of the lunules is in both sexes as remarkable as is also 
the variation in the colour of these markings. Grey, yellow, 
metallic white, green-blue, blue or violet in many shades—all 
these tints have appeared in the margin of urtice, and, appar- 
ently, quite independent of other facial development. Some- 
times, also, the lunules are wholly black, while another time 
they disappear altogether, and the whole hind wing is then 
fuscous, as in ab. nigra, Tutt, ab. atrebatensis, Boisd. Occasion- 
ally the lunules of the fore wings differ in colour from those of 
the hind wings in the same specimen. This is the case, for 
instance, in ab. ioprotoformis, fig. 10, the lunules of the hind 
wings being blue, those of the ‘fore wings yellowish white. 
Together with the lunules the one: borders of the wings 
also vary considerably. 
Thus in fig. 7 the costal fates are not separated by the 
usual fine black line from the outer brown border, which here 
tends to disappear, while in figs. 8 and 9 it is revealed as part 
of the brownish band in which the separate lunules ‘‘ float.” 
