314 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Basal nervure to base of marginal cell about equal to half length 
of cell. At first sight one seems to see indications of a third sub- 
marginal cell, as figured by Heer, but this is illusory, and is 
negatived also by the fact that the broad second submarginal 
receives both the recurrent nervures, the first very near the base, 
the second some distance from the apex ; this differs a little from 
modern Lithurgus, in which the second recurrent is received 
nearer the apex. The shape of the second submarginal cell also 
differs from that in living Lithurgus, in that it is less constricted 
above, the second transverso-cubital nervure going more directly 
to the marginal. Basal nervure meeting the transverso-medial 
a little on the apicad side; it falls distinctly short of it in 
modern Lithurgus. 
All things considered, therefore, the Giningen bee must be 
placed in Lithurgus, with the remark that it is somewhat less 
modified or specialized in venation than the living species. It 
might possibly be justifiable to distinguish it sub-generically. 
In Prussian amber, of Oligocene age, there are two extinct 
genera of bees possessing only two submarginal cells, and pro- 
bably referable to a group from which the Megachiloids (includ- 
ing Lithurgus) sprung. Glyptapis mirabilis, Ckll., has a venation 
not very unlike that of Lithurgus adamiticus, but the stigma is 
relatively long and narrow. This is, however, a little black bee, 
slightly over 5 mm. long, with hairy eyes, mandibles with a broad 
cutting edge notched near the apex, metathorax divided by ridges 
into large subquadrangular areas. The hairy eyes of Glyptapis 
are especially interesting, because this character exists to-day in 
the parasitic Megachiloid genus Celioxys. (In the African * 
C’. decipiens, Spin., the eyes are naked however.) In the other 
amber genus referred to the eyes are bare. Ctenoplectrella 
viridiceps, Ckll., is a small stout bee like Glyptapis, hardly 
5mm. long, claws strongly cleft, pulvillus large, malar space 
very short, wings dark rufo-fuliginous, stigma large, second sub- 
marginal cell receiving first recurrent nervure some distance 
from base, and second not far from apex. These amber bees, 
and many others which I have described, are in the museum at 
Konigsberg, where a full account of them is in process of publica- 
tion. All of the Prussian amber bees, so far as seen by me, are 
of extinct genera; but the Miocene bees, whether of EHurope or 
America, include various living genera. 
Xylocopa abavus (Heer). 
The ‘‘type”’ is a bee with a broad thorax; no head or 
abdomen visible, and the venation cannot be made out. ‘The 
legs show a scopa, and the hind tibia is very broad, with a 
gently curved longitudinal ridge visible on both sides, and, 
* Specimen from Willowmore, Cape Colony (Brawns). 
