TkTFIDM. 4t 



grouncl.sel, cliickvveed, aud iiuiuy others, but uot on trees ; 

 hiding itself in the day time at the roots of grass and herbage, 

 and feeding at night. Full fed before the winter. 



Pupa rather short and stout, shining, but with the wing 

 covers minutely and abundantly sculptured with fine lines ; 

 anal extremity suddenly rounded off, and with a short, blunt 

 projection, upon which are two parallel spikes diverging at the 

 tips into two curled-out hooks ; abdominal segments minutely 

 pitted, but the first three each with a smooth pale rim, general 

 colour dark purple-brown. Under ground in a rather flimsy 

 cocoon of loose silk mixed with earth or rootlets. Sometimes 

 in abundance at the roots of trees. In this condition through 

 the winter. 



The moth hides in the daytime among herbage, but flies 

 at dusk and in the night, coming readily to sugar, to honey- 

 dew on nettles and on trees ; to blossoms of rhododendron 

 and of ragwort ; and in the fens fond of sitting at night on 

 the broad blades of the common reed. Found abundantly in 

 woods, meadows, and fens, and even in gardens ; generally 

 distributed and often plentiful throughout the United King- 

 dom except, apparently, the Scottish Isles. 



Abroad it is very widely distributed, through Central 

 Europe, the temperate portions of Northern Europe, Northern 

 Italy, Corsica, Armenia, Northern Africa, Ceylon, India, 

 Japan, Canada, and the United States. 



4. N. depuncta, L. — Expanse 1] inch. Fore wings 

 rather short, broad behind ; drab-brown often tinged with 

 reddish ; from the costa arise four divided black spots ; hind 

 wings pale brown. 



Antenna) of the male simple, finely ciliated, pale brown ; 

 palpi broadly tufted, dark Ijruwn at the sides, pale brown in 

 front ; head densely covered with scales, pale brown ; collar 

 broad, raised, very pale brown, distinctly dotted with black, 

 and edged with light brown ; shoulder lappets raised, pale 



