278 LEPIDOPTERA. 



openings, but sometimes extended like a fan. These are 

 supposed to diffuse a scent useful to the insect. 



Hardly variable, except that in the north the reddish-brown 

 dusting of the fore wings disappears and they become wholly 

 black, except the yellow of the outer margin of the reniform 

 stigma, and in some instances even this is curtailed or nearly 

 obliterated. Specimens sent from Carlisle by Mr. G. B. 

 Routledge are of a deep glossy black. 



On the wing in September and October. 



Larva cylindrical, of nearly uniform thickness, the head 

 rounded and but little smaller than the second segment ; the 

 anal segment tapering to its extremity. Head green suffused 

 with pink ; on the second segment a dull pink plate ; ground 

 colour brilliant pale yellow-green, bright grass-green, or 

 bright olive-green, deepest in tint at the extremities and 

 often suffused in front with pink. The dorsal stripe in 

 some individuals blackish but faint, in others more red ; but 

 always forming one intensely black or red mark just at the 

 beginning of each segment ; and in some cases this dark spot 

 is confluent with the two anterior large black raised dots, 

 thus forming blunt arrow-heads pointing forward ; subdorsal 

 stripe red or blackish, sometimes complete, but oftener 

 interrupted in the middle of each segment ; the skin-folds 

 at the incisions bright yellow. Spiracles white placed in black 

 crescents ; immediately beneath them is a narrow pale 

 sulphur-yellow or greenish-yellow stripe ; under surface and 

 legs pale green, the latter tipped with pink at their 

 extremities, usual raised dots, when visible, black, and the 

 front pair much the larger. 



Or, ground colour cinnamon-brown, a narrow pale greenish- 

 yellow stripe beneath the spiracles ; skin folds at the segmental 

 divisions tinged with grey ; dorsal stripe faintly indicated by 

 a dusky spot at the beginning of each segment ; subdorsal 

 stripe more distinct, tinged with black. 



Or, deep dingy crimson on the back and sides, subspiracular 



