292 LEPIDOPTERA. 



segment there are four brownish-red plates, thus placed — 

 on the anterior part, above the fold of the anal flap, a central 

 semicircular plate margined with dark brown, and on each 

 side of it, at an obtuse angle, a small narrow oblong plate ; 

 the fourth and largest plate is on the anal flap and has its 

 anterior edge undulating and margined witb dark brown, its 

 anal extremity ending in two very small points. Anterior 

 legs brownish-red ; prolegs slightly tipped with brown. 

 (Adapted from Buckler.) 



April to August on — or rather in — Heradeumspliondylium, 

 feeding in the thick tap-root and in the stems. When but 

 just from the egg boring at once into the stem, or, if at first 

 into the leaf, afterwards into the stem, also drinking the sap 

 which flows into its tunnel ; feeding down the middle of the 

 stem into the root-stock and apparently never showing itself 

 outside until full fed, unless the supply of food fails. When 

 full fed it eats its way out just below the surface of the 

 earth to pupate. In confinement it feeds equally well in 

 parsnip, the young larvaj boring into the stem and passing 

 down into the tap-root in the same manner, and, perhaps 

 induced by the size and succulence of the cultivated root, 

 producing very fine and large examples of the moth. 



Pupa elongated, rather uniform in thickness, the abdominal 

 segments being stout, though deeply divided, and hardly 

 tapering except suddenly at the anal segment ; purple-brown 

 with a curious, livid, leaden hue from a lead-white bloom 

 which covers the whole surface ; wing and limb-covers 

 minutely sculptured with fine incised lines, segments onh' 

 finely pitted along the extreme front edge of each ; 

 cremaster very short, but thick, broad, hollowed beneath, black, 

 with two very short terminal spikes, also black. In the earth, 

 but apparently without any cocoon, close to the plant in 

 which the larva has fed. 



The moth hides in the daytime among rocks, and under 

 blocks of stone, as well as among herbage. At night it 



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