392 LEPIDOPTERA. 



brown ; head pale brown or purjjlish-brown, densely scaled 

 and having a small tuft at the base of each antenna; collar 

 rather narrow, usually some shade of brown, with a slender, 

 doubly arched, deeper brown or black bar across the front ; 

 remainder of thorax similarly brown, the top crest perceptible, 

 hardly divided but concave in front, back crest forming two 

 low parallel ridges, very often of a different — paler — colour, 

 drab, pale brown, or pale chestnut, but also often concolorous ; 

 fascicles smoky-white ; abdomen silvery -grey or whitish- 

 brown, the dorsal ridge ornamented with from two to six 

 small oblique crests, barred with brown or black ; lateral and 

 anal tufts small, pale purplish-brown. Fore wings short and 

 rather broad and blunt behind ; costa almost straight ; apex 

 bluntly angulated, hind margin below it almost perpendicular, 

 but rounded off below the middle and crenulated, especially 

 so above the anal angle ; dorsal margin straight ; colour pale 

 brown, drab, red-brown, purple-brown, umbreous, brown- 

 black, or any intermediate colour, more or less mottled with 

 darker brown and often with the markings very obscure ; 

 when visible, basal line a faint, double, angulated, dark-brown 

 streak ; first line equally obscure, a series of faint brown- 

 black curves, more faintly duplicated ; second line bent, but 

 in sections unusually straight and devoid of curves, most 

 perceptible from the reniform stigma to the dorsal margin, 

 and faintly duplicated outside ; subterminal line undulating, 

 faintly paler and almost without darker margin, except that 

 in those forms which have the previous portion pale it 

 usually borders a series of red-brown or purple-brown clouds 

 along the hind margin ; the portions of the nervures 

 immediately preceding it ordinarily dusted with dark brown, 

 or white, or both ; orbicular stigma faintly indicated by a 

 blacker margin ; reniform stigma also margined with black, 

 but within this edged on the outer side, or partially filled in, 

 with clear white oi' pale brown, and forming an irregular 

 crescent — which indeed is the most reliable marking on the 

 wing — claviforui stigma slightly edged with black-brown; 



