48 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



during the winter months (October 20th to February 3rd, according 

 to Mr. Carpenter's observation), and nothing would induce the larvfe 

 to feed at that period even when subjected to a temperature of 

 between 60"" and 70° Fahrenheit. In the South of Europe and in 

 North Africa both species emerge normally in May or earlier, and the 

 larvae attempt in Great Britain to follow out their natural habit, with 

 the result that the great majority must perish, especially in the case 

 of C. edasa. The complete life history has been most accurately 

 described by Mr. F. W. Frohawk in the ' Entomologist ' for June, 

 1901. — Mr. R. S. Standen exhibited specimens of Lyccena dolus, 

 the type from Bordighera, and also Pierifi brassivoe. with greenish 

 under wings, a common form in the neighbourhood of Florence. Mr. 

 C. P. Pickett exhibited pupa-cases of Saturnia pavonia, one with two 

 openings, one with no openings, and a third containing three pupae, 

 from only one of which the imago had emerged. Mr. J. W. Tutt said 

 that this phenomenon was not unusual in the case of silkworms, and 

 commonly occun-ed also in the case of artificially bred Lasiocampa 

 lancstris, being probably due to overcrowding, but he did not know 

 that there was any evidence how the work was done. — The Rev. A. E. 

 Eaton exhibited adult Fsychodida; of morphological interest, preserved 

 in cork tubes with two per cent, formic aldehyde in distilled water. 

 — (1) Pericoma notabUis, Etn., as a sample of male flies retaining 

 prothoracic air nipples, such as Curtis figured (Brit. Ent. xvi. 745, 

 1839), and are possessed by pupae of both sexes, illustrated both by 

 Mial and Walker and by Fritz Miiller in the volume of the ' Trans- 

 actions ' of this Society for 1895 ; also by Kellogg, Ent. News, xii. 48, 

 figs. A, B. (Feb., 1901). Pericoma soleata, Hal. MS., has similar small 

 claviform air-nipples on the prothorax; and so have some undescribed 

 species more nearly related to P. notabUis, natives of Middle Europe 

 or of Algeria. (2) Male flies possessing erectile sacs, or else protrusible 

 tentacles arising one on each side of the mesothorax near the spiracle, 

 and receiving a strong branch from the main trachea of each side. In 

 the state of contraction these sacs or tentacles resemble a tuft of hair 

 which is very dense in some flies; by their distension, the tufts are 

 either spread open, or the tuft is resolved into scattered hairs distri- 

 buted over at least the whole of the upper surface of the tentacle. 

 These organs are probably subservient to sexual attraction, and 

 perhaps secrete scent. A few males possess them in addition to the 

 pair of prothoracic air-nipples — for instance P. fiisca and the species 

 figured by Curtis, P. aiiriculata (both exhibited) ; but more species are 

 possessors of the meso-pleural pair of appendages alone. The two 

 species last named differ in the shape of their thoracic appendages 

 now under consideration : the male P. fusca has short, chitinous, 

 slightly curved prothoracic air-nipples, and short nipple-like meso- 

 pleural appendages that spread a dense epaulet-like tuft of hair ; while 

 P. anriculata has slender club-shaped whitish prothoracic air-nipples, 

 and meso-pleural tentacles that are clad with silky hair and are 

 capable of great extension. But in the majority of species furnished 

 with this kind of tracheate appendages issuing from the meso-thorax, 

 those of the prothorax are absent ; and some have appendages of the 

 sac form, others of the tentacular form. Among the exhibits, Uloimjia 

 fuliginosa, Pericoma nitbila and trivialis are exponents of the short, 



