130 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



T. xylosteanu, L. — Very common, except, of course, on the salt 

 marshes. The pale yellowish var. obliquana, St., not very uncommon. 

 I once bred a large number of the type and a few of the var. from 

 larvae in rolled-up leaves of elm near Brentwood. 



T. sorhiana, Hb. — Not very common, and rather local; I used to 

 beat it from oaks near Brentwood, and have occasionally bred huge 

 females from larvae feeding on the same trees. Also taken at Wan- 

 stead, Loughton, Ongar Park Woods, &c. 



T. rosnna, Haw. — Generally common throughout, the larva feeding 

 on very many plants. I bred a good many from larvae feeding on 

 dwarf sallow (Salix repens var. ascendens) some years ago, and, curiously 

 enough, everyone, without exception, came out female. 



T. diversana, Hb. — Locally abundant, Wanstead, Brentwood, War- 

 ley, Eomford, &c. Both beaten and bred from birch and elm. Some 

 collectors, I believe, consider that the larvae feeding on birch produce 

 a different insect from those found upon elm, but after breeding a 

 fairly large number I fail to see any distinction. 



2\ cinnamomeana, Tr. — Much more local than the last ; a very few 

 specimens beaten at long intervals from beech in Monkwood, and 

 more commonly beaten from larch at Warley ; also bred from the 

 latter locality. 



T. heparana, Schiff. — Very common throughout ; may often be 

 beaten abundantly from hedges towards evening. Seems little given 

 to variation. I have never met with any wide departure from the type. 



T. ribeana, Hb. — Perhaps the commonest species in the genus. 

 The two named vars. cerasana, Hb., Sbnd grossularimia, St., also com- 

 mon, the latter especially so. 



2\ corylana, Fb. — Much less common than the last two species, 

 and the latest of the genus to appear in the imago state. Generally 

 to be obtained by beating oaks, especially the isolated trees. Loughton, 

 Warley, Ongar, &c. This species does not appear to vary much ; the 

 only striking var. I ever met with was a small very dark specimen 

 (Aug. 28th, 1891), almost as dark as heparana. 



T. unifaseiana, Dup. — Very common everywhere, often a complete 

 nuisance when working the hedges in the evening. I once bred about 

 thirty from one of those "bird's-nest"-like formations on a hornbeam, 

 very much to my surprise, expecting, of course, to breed Pyralis glau- 

 cinalis, which has been bred from similar formations on birch twigs. 

 The "nest" was taken early in April, and kept in a hat box till the 

 imagos emerged ; what they found to live upon has always been a 

 mystery to me. 



T, costana, Fb. — Very common, more especially in damp meadows; 

 the var. latiorana, Wilk., not uncommon in the salt marshes, and 

 strictly confined to them ; more often found in the larva state. I 

 have bred it (the variety) from larvae feeding on Aster tripolium and 

 Statice limonium. Thames Haven, Benfleet, and beyond Shoeburyness. 



T. vihurnana, Fb. — Local, and, as far as my experience goes, 

 confined to the saltings, where the larva is commonly met with on 

 such plants as Aster tripolium, folded leaves of Statice limonium, and 

 spun-together tops of Artemisia maritima. The males always of the 

 dull leaden type, the females reddish and more strongly marked ; in 

 some cases the fascia is very plain, in others only faintly shown. 



