TORTRICES TAKEN IN SOUTH ESSEX. 191 



gathered in the winter, and netted it very rarely flying in the sunshine 

 over oak bushes. 



Pu'tinia buoUana, Schiff. — Very common wherever Pinus sylrestns 

 grows, the larvae often doing considerable damage to the young shoots. 



R. pinicolana, Doubl. — Much rarer than the last species ; singly in 

 Wanstead Park, Warley, and Blackmore at rest on P. sylveatris. 



R. pinivorana, Zell. — Pretty common amongst Pinus throughout ; 

 variable. Some of the vars. are very pretty. 



Carpocapsa spleiidaiia, Hb. — Much more abundant in the larval 

 than the perfect state ; the acorns in September and October are 

 sometimes much infested with them ; I bred a large number last year 

 from acorns picked up at Loughton the previous autumn. 



C. fjrossana. Haw. — Locally common in the larval state in beech- 

 nuts, often two seasons before coming out, like the previous species. 

 The imago may sometimes be beaten from beech boughs, or found at 

 rest on the trunks. Epping Forest, Brentwood, &c. 



C. pomonella, Lin. — Found, I believe, wherever apple trees grow ; 

 also feeds in the apples of the wild crab. The spun-up larva may be 

 found in the winter and spring under loose pieces of bark or moss on 

 the trunks. 



C. Juliana, Curt. — Somewhat local, but common in certain localities. 

 May be found early in June at rest on oak trunks. I have met with 

 it in several localities, but nowhere so commonly as around Wanstead. 



C. nimbana, H. S. — This very local and very distinct species seems 

 to be much wanted by collectors. I have bred a good number, perhaps 

 fifty, in the past few years from spuu-up larvfe found under rough 

 bark on beech trunks in Epping Forest in the winter. Very occasion- 

 ally found at rest thereon early in May. I have never met with the 

 feeding larva. 



Opadiafunebrana, Tr. — Larvfc sometimes found in bought damsons. 

 The late Mr. Machin used to beat the imago rarely from blackthorn at 

 Chingford, and he bred a series from larvae feeding in the fruit. I 

 have not met with the imago in Essex. 



Endopisa nigricana, St. — Very common in pea-fields, or on railway 

 banks amongst vetches; varies a good deal in size and depth of colour. 

 For this reason, I suppose, some authors have made two species from 

 this insect. 



Stigmonota leguminana, Zell. — Always very rare and local. Although 

 constantly on the look-out for it every June, I can only boast of three 

 rather indifferent specimens in sixteen seasons ! Strictly confined to 

 the Loughton part of Epping Forest, from the village to the borders 

 of Monkwood. Larva unknown to me. 



S. perlepidana, Haw. — Not particularly abundant ; may be some- 

 times found flying high up in the sunshine in May. I have bred it 

 from larvae taken at Loughton feeding on Lathyrus macrorrhizxis. 



S. biternana, Gn. — Local amongst furze in open spaces in Epping 

 Forest and near Chelmsford, but nowhere so abundantly as on Warley 

 Common at the end of May and early in June. 



S. compositella, Fb. — May be found almost always in clover-fields 

 by sweeping in May and August. Near Childerditch, Ongar, Canvey 

 Island, &c. 



S. iveirana, Dougl. — Very common in Epping Forest, at Brentwood, 



