226 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



The nervous ganglia are very visible as reddish brown 

 masses ; a large one in prothorax : this represents the cephalic 

 and oesophageal : the prothoracic proper towards posterior mar- 

 gin of segments ; then one each to meso-thorax and eight 

 following segments ; the last and largest of these, though in 

 sixth abdominal segment, appears to belong to seventh and 

 following segments, which are without ganglia. 



The prolegs are of much interest, not in themselves, but 

 when we compare them with those of the adult larva ; they are 

 on a rather thick cylindrical base, and have the usual " macro " 

 form of one row of crotchets, facing inwards, thirteen to seventeen 

 in number ; on the anal claspers they are much smaller and few 

 in number (nine), and are similarly in one row. The true legs 

 are short and thick, and terminate in very curved claws. The 

 head is small, about 2*5 mm. in diameter ; it has in front — on 

 epicranium, clypeus, and labrum — a number of short stiff hairs 

 (none seen elsewhere on larva), the largest about "08 mm. in 

 length. The autennne are rather longer than this, but happen 

 to be telescoped, — the second joint is not in evidence, — about 

 •06 mm. long and "04 mm. thick, with a terminal armament of 

 bristles, amongst which the third joint is not clearly discriminated. 

 The head itself is rather dark in colour from being well chitinised 

 (the true legs and crotchets are the only other dark chitinised 

 parts) ; beneath it are three circles, carrying jointed palpus-like 

 appendages ; the central one is the largest, and represents 

 probably the labium, though at first it looks very like the 

 spinneret, with the other two as labial palpi. The two lateral 

 ones, however, are probably the maxillary palpi, especially as 

 they appear to have another, ill-developed process. The jaws 

 are long, and cross one another for some distance, and each 

 seems to consist of a straight conical process, with only one 

 sharp terminal point — a simple spike or dagger, and not the 

 flat-toothed jaws usual in leaf-eating Lepidoptera. 



The large larva is a very different object. At first sight 

 nothing could be less like a lepidopterous larva. Looking down 

 on its back, we have an approximately flat surface, oval in form, 

 rather narrower in front than behind, with a margin smooth, 

 regular, uniform, and of same texture, &c., all round, no trace 

 of segmentation, &c. Let us turn it over : it now lies on its flat 

 dorsal surface, the dimensions of which, by the way, are 23 mm. 

 X 15 mm. It stands up above the surface about 5*6 mm., with 

 a level, but not smooth top, but with smooth and sloping sides. 

 The amount of the slope may be seen by the comparison of the 

 top and bottom; the top (venter of larva) is 18 mm. by 7 mm., 

 against the 23 x 15 just mentioned. The slope is nearly nil at 

 the head end, and by so much the more therefore elsewhere. 

 The dorsum and sides are brown, hard, and chitinous. The 

 sloping sides show little indication of segmentation, but at the 



