GONBPTBRYX RHAMNI AND CLEOPATRA IN IRELAND. 301 



Third moult on June 2nd. Before the fourth moult -thirty- 

 four days old — it measures I5 in. long; the ground colour is 

 velvety black, otherwise very similar to previous stage, but the 

 dorsal orange band is richer and deeper in colour, and there are 

 numerous very small pearly-white warts sprinkled over the body 

 (mostly forming circles round each segment on the two posterior 

 wrinkles) ; these, as well as the minute black warts, emit fine 

 curved white hairs ; the black spines also bear fine white hairs ; 

 the dorsal spines terminate with black spine-like bristles ; the 

 super- and sub-spiracular spines end with longish curved white 

 hairs with black tips ; the black head is bilobed and cleft on the 

 crown, and covered with white hairs ; legs shining black ; claspers 

 bright tawny, excepting the anal pair, which are black ; on the 

 eleventh segment is a small medio-dorsal shining black disk, and 

 on the twelfth segment is a much larger one, which closely 

 resembles the head. They still live in close company. 



(To be continued.) 



GONEPTERYX RHAMNI -AND CLEOPATRA IN IRELAND. 

 By E. Bagwell- Purefoy. 



In the December number of the ' Entomologist ' for the 

 year 1896 (xsix. 363), I reported the successful introduction of 

 Gonepterijx rhamni into the County Tipperary. A few further 

 notes on the subject may possibly prove of interest. To re- 

 capitulate as briefly as possible : — In 1890, and again in 1894, a 

 number of plants of llhamnus frangula, and a few of R. catharticus 

 were planted about over grounds which may be roughly estimated 

 at five hundred acres. In the autumn of the latter year, between 

 two and three hundred imagines of G. rhamni were turned out in 

 the most suitable spots of the same grounds. The result, as 

 observed in 1896, was of a most gratifying nature; the butterflies 

 had "caught on," and had enormously increased in numbers. 



During the five succeeding years I was continuously abroad, 

 and plants and insects alike were left strictly to take care of 

 themselves. Eeturning home once more in the autumn of 1901, 

 I visited the South of Ireland about the middle of September, 

 and found that the plants, on the whole, had done well, many 

 of the R. frangula having grown into fine big trees ; some of the 

 R. catharticus, too, had not only survived, but had developed into 

 strong plants. The first bit of sunshine revealed the fact that 

 G. rhamni, also, was still flourishing, and, during a fortnight of 

 fair weather, I counted a goodly number on the wing. 



Early in November I planted out one hundred small trees of 

 R. frangula around the borders of the place, and, at the same 



