INTRODUCTORY. 5 



In describing- a moth various marking's, etc., have to be 

 referred to, and as it may assist the reader more easily to locate 

 the usual position of such characters the accompanying diagram 

 has been prepared. The lines crossing the fore wings from the 

 front edge, or margin (cos/a), to the inner edge, or margin 

 {(ioi'suni), are generally styled transverse lines ; the short one 

 is the basal ; the first long one is the inner, or antemedial ; 

 the second is the outer, or postmedial ; and the third is the 



L^xn^cr- ou^gLe. 



Fig. 5. 



Wing-s and Body of a Moth. 



A- Head; ///. Thorax ; rol. Collar; /^/. Lappet; ad. Abdomen. 

 l>./. b.i'al line ; d.s. basal streak ; /./. inner line ; c.s. claviform stigma ; o.s. orbicular 

 stigma; c. central shade; r.j. reniform stigma; o./. outer line ; <7./. apical 

 patch ; s.7;i. submarginal line. 



submarginal, or subterminal. The whole wing, less the margins, 

 is sometimes called the disc ; but it is more convenient to 

 divide the fore wing into three parts, naming that between 

 the base of the wing and the first line the basal area ; the 

 space between the first and second lines the central or 

 median area, and the part beyond the second line the outer 

 area. The more or less round or oval rings or dashes on 



