THE WHITE-MARKED. 325 



The caterpillar is green with three broad white lines along 

 the back, the outer ones edged above with black; a yellow, 

 inclining to reddish orange, stripe along the black spiracles ; 

 head reddish brown. It greatly resembles the needles of the 

 Scotch fir {Plniis sylvestris), upon which it feeds from May to 

 July. The moth is out in the spring and continues on the wing 

 until early May, and is often common at sallow bloom, where 

 this occurs in the immediate vicinity of pine woods ; it also 

 comes to the sugar patch not infrequently, and may occasionally 

 be seen on the trunks of fir trees, or beaten from the boughs. 

 The species seems to occur wherever there are fir woods or 

 plantations throughout England, Wales, and Scotland to Ross, 

 and is found locally in Ireland. 



The White-Marked {PachnoUa leucographa). 



A portrait of this moth will be found on Plate 155, Fig. 4. 

 The fore wings are reddish brown, sometimes tinged with 

 purplish, or clouded with blackish. The reniform and orbicular 

 stigmata are usually yellowish grey, often only outlined, but not 

 infrequently indistinct, and sometimes absent. The cross lines 

 are rarely well defined, although the second line may be indicated 

 by blackish dots flanked by whitish ones on the veins. 



The caterpillar is green freckled with whitish ; three whitish 

 lines along the back are edged with dark green, the outer ones 

 with oblique dark-green dashes spreading to the central line ; 

 head paler green. In another form the general colour is pale 

 reddish brown, lines yellowish, and dashes darker reddish 

 brown. It feeds on sallow, bilberry, dock, plantain, and other 

 low plants. May and June. The moth flies in March and 

 April, and may be found at sallow bloom around woods. The 

 species is obtained more or less frequently in Kent, Surrey, 

 Sussex, Hampshire, Somerset, and Devon; also in Buckingham- 

 shire and in Suffolk. In Herefordshire it is local but not 



