—224— 
In the third case, we find the proportionate dimensions of the wings 
relied upon as another character on which this species is to be based. 
All Lepidopterists must know that this is a very variable feature ; one 
that can at times be relied upon as pointing out the sex, but never a se- 
cure foothold for the student of species in the Rhopalocera. In some 
species the seasonal broods vary considerably in this particular, but even 
then it is not a safe guide, as only by the careful measurement of thou- 
sands of specimens wouid it be safe to declare the ‘: average” of any 
form. This whole question of relative proportions has been treated of 
over and again, but no one has done it in a neater manner than has Prof. 
S. H. Peabody, who, in the Canadian Entomologist, (Vol. 8 pp. 141-148,) 
comments on the genera of Mr. Scudder’s ‘‘Systematic Revision.” He 
thus sums up the question: ‘‘Can they mean that aby difference which 
can be formulated in the ratio of length to breadth in the same part, or 
of length of one part to length of another part, is a difference of ulti- 
mate structure? * * Does this principle extend through Zoology? Is 
Gen. Sheridan, who is short and stout, and who, according to President 
Lincoln, can scratch his ankle without stooping, generically, different 
from Gen. Sherman, who is tall and slender, and whose ankles are evi- 
dently out of his reach ?” 
Now for the markings. The fourth character consists of separated 
spots in the interior pair in the cell of the primaries of vada, while in 
msularis they are fused. It is the fusion of such spots or bands that 
forms our common black variety of Papilio turnus-glaucus. Me'anism 
has long been too well understood as an aberrant or at best varietal dis- 
position on the part of many butterflies to merit its elevation to a speci- 
fic character from so slight an example of its display as here afforded. 
At most these spots of vani/e have but to thicken to a one-half greater 
radius and they have joined. The pale specimen, already alluded.to as 
from Georgia, has not only these two spots fused, but the black scalcs 
thicken and run along the lower margin of the cell, join the two outer 
spots, which are also fused, in a loop and then these four are joined to 
the outer and upper of the three spots usually found across the disk. 
Thus they form a rude, tip-tilted, written letter Y. 
As a fifth consideration of importance we have the fact offered that 
in @sudarts there are but two white dots in the four spots contained in 
the cell of the primaries while in vane the lower of the inner two is 
also pupilled, making three spots in that species. Were Mr. Maynard 
a resident of this vicinity we should much like to show him zswduris, 
typical in this respect, from Tennessee and the North Carolina mountains. 
But a hasty glance through the specimens at our disposal shows that the 
two spotted form is as liable to turn up from Brazil, Mexico, Hayti, 
