194 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Just before hatching the colouring becomes much duller, and 

 the little larva shows clearly through the glistening shell. 



All the three dozen eggs laid October 3rd hatched on October 

 13th, remaining ten days in the egg state. 



The larva directly after emergence is very small, measuring 

 only ^ in. long ; it is uniformly cylindrical, and very much like 

 cardamines. The head is shining black, and beset with a number 

 of fine bristles. The body is of a rich raw-sienna colour, the 

 segments are bilobed transversely ; on the side of each segment 

 are five large olive-brown blunt tubercles with pale centres, each 

 bearing a long, stiff, black, clefted, knobbed spine. These are 

 situated over the body similar to cardamines ; others are also 

 placed on the claspers. The spiracles are black. The dorsal 

 surface is smooth, but granulations gradually develop on the 

 sides, and the ventral surface is strongly granulated, where they 

 form small points. 



Just previous to the first moult it measures J in. long. Several 

 moulted first time on October 18th, the first stage occupying five 

 days. 



After first moult (ten days old) it measures ^ in. long. The 

 ground colour is a pale lilac-grey, mottled with dark olive ; a 

 pale medio-dorsal line formed by the mottlings not uniting in 

 the centre ; there are four longitudinal lemon-yellow stripes, two 

 on either side, one being subdorsal, and which is the broadest 

 and brightest, and the other spiracular. On the side of each 

 segment are nine large shining olive-black tubercles, six above 

 and three below the spiracle, and five small ones placed between 

 the two subdorsal stripes. As in the previous stage, each tubercle 

 emits a black bristle with a clefted knob, which carries a minute 

 globule of clear white liquid. The head and spiracles are similar 

 to first stage, the legs are black, and the claspers tinged with 

 lemon-yellow. They rest in a straight attitude. I could not 

 detect any traces of cannibalism in these larvae, in this respect 

 differing greatly from cardamines. 



Several moulted the second time October 23rd, the second 

 stage also lasting five days. A large number died just before 

 and after second moult, owing to the dull and cold weather. 

 When thirteen days old, after second moult, it measures ^q in. 

 It is uniformly cylindrical. Excepting the head, which is 

 ochreous blotched with black, and the brighter colouring and 

 better defined pattern due to its increased size, it is similar in all 

 respects to the previous stage. 



The third moult occurred on the evening of October 27th, the 

 third stage occupying only four days. After third moult (nine- 

 teen days old) it is f in. long. All the colours are brightly and 

 clearly defined ; the stripes are rich gamboge-yellow ; the medio- 

 dorsal line is slightly paler than the broad dorsal slate-blue band, 

 which is chiefly formed by a border of dark mottlings along either 



