232 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



bouring leaf, and when adult it begins feeding at the tip of the 

 plantain leaf and eats that right down from the point almost to the 

 bottom before proceeding to the next leaf. I have still about thirty 

 larvffi, half grown, which will, I presume, hybernate in the usual 

 way. — Francis C. Woodbbidge, Northcroft, Uxbridge, September 14th, 

 1906. 



DicRANURA BIFIDA Two Years IN PuPA. — I havB this summer bred 

 two Dlcramua bifida from larvfe taken near Market Rasen, Lincoln- 

 shire, in 1904. Other larvae taken at the same time emerged as 

 perfect insects in 1905. — Gr. W. Mason ; Barton-on-Humber. 



Autumnal emergence of Lepidoptera. — The hot summer of 1906 

 seems to have been favourable to the production of what is known as 

 second broods of Lepidoptera ; and the following instances of this 

 have come under my notice : — 



Arctia caia, of which species I obtained about a dozen ova in the 

 middle of July. The larvae from these duly hatched, and from the 

 first evinced their purpose of getting through their metamorphosis in 

 record time. Nine pupated between August 17th and 28th ; one or 

 two larvffi died, from injury, in early August, and one continued feeding 

 until September 1st, when it became sickly and subsequently died. 

 Nine moths emerged between September 8th and 12th. All were of 

 average size and of the ordinary form. 



Twelve eggs of Parasemia plantayinis were received on June 29th, 

 and had been laid by a female in Aberdeenshire a few days previously. 

 The majority of the larvje from these were lost whilst quite young. 

 Five, however, fed up, and, as regards four of them, pupated, and pro- 

 duced moths on August 80th and 31st — all females. The fifth larva 

 is (September 27th) still feeding. 



One male example of Ccrura bifida emerged on August 21st. This 

 was from one of five pupje resulting from a few eggs obtained on 

 June 29th. 



A number of larvae of Spilosoma lubricipeda were fed from the egg 

 on sallow, and many of these had pupated by August 30th, on which 

 day a female specimen emerged. Other larvae of the same brood con- 

 tinued feeding until about the middle of September. So far no more 

 moths have appeared. 



Perhaps the most remarkable instance is that communicated by 

 Mr. L. W. Newman, of Bexley, who sent me a specimen of Moma orion 

 that emerged on September 2nd, and had only been in the pupal stage 

 about seventeen days. He also reported on September 5th, that 

 among other things Cenira bifida, C. furcula, and Hemerophila 

 ahruptaria " have all been emerging, two or three each, out doors 

 in the sleeves." The weather has evidently also had a retarding 

 influence on some species that more or less regularly attain the 

 winged state twice in the year. In this connection Mr. Newman 

 mentions Drepana cultrciria, the larva? of which pupated in June, but 

 only one moth had emerged on September 5th. — Richard South ; 96, 

 Drakefield Pioad, Upper Tooting, S.W. 



