200 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



are sometimes entirely broken up into spots. The only 

 European species of the Danaince is Danaus Chrysippus, 

 a fulvous species with black borders dotted with white, and 

 a white macular band across the black tip of the fore wings. 

 The hind wings are marked with four black spots. There is 

 a common African form in which the hind wings are white, 

 with a fulvous edging within the black border. D. Chrysippiis, 

 like all the DanaincB, is well protected froiTi enemies by the 

 toughness of its integuments, and by its exuding a strongly- 

 smelling fluid when handled. Most of the DanaiiKB are 

 " mimicked " by other butterflies, but few to such an extent 

 as D. Chrysippus, which is most closely represented by the 

 females of diff'erent species of Elyminas, Argyimis, Hypo- 

 limnas, and Papilio. The Danai have the hind margins 

 slightly dentated, and the costa of the fore wings slightly 

 concave ; they generally average about three inches in 

 diameter, but the largest and one of the commonest species, 

 the well-known North American D. Erippus, measures four 

 inches across the wings, while the smallest of the green 

 species, D. Piimiln, does not measure two inches in expanse. 

 All the American species, like D. Chrysippus, are fulvous. 



The genus Amanris is entirely African, and the few species 

 it contains are black or brown insects, about three inches in 

 expanse, with the fore wings spotted, and more or less of the 

 base of the hind wings occupied with semitransparent 

 white. In some species, there is a yellowish band on the 

 hind wings, and in one the spots of the fore wings are also 

 yellowish. These insects are "mimicked" by different 

 species of Papilio and Hypolimnas. 



The genus Euploea contains a number of Asiatic species, 

 and a few African and Australian. The wings are either 

 longer or rounder than in Danaus, and are usually less 

 distinctly denticulated. The species vary from two to four 

 inches in expanse, and are generally of a rich dark-brown 

 colour, often shot with blue, and more or less spotted with 

 white or blue, especially near the margins of the wings, and 

 on the disks of the wings beneath. Generally speaking this 

 genus is one of the most easily recognisable of any ; but it 

 is " mimicked" not only by species of Papilio and Elyminas, 

 but even by some Bomhyccs. 



The last Old World genus of this subfamily, Hamad rijqs , 

 contains a very few species in Amboina, Australia, &c., black, 



