INTRODUCTORY PAPERS ON LEPIDOPTERA. 221 



prevent their being confounded with the smaller and much 

 more delicately formed SalyriiKB. The larvae are spineless, 

 with a bifid tail ; and those of the European species mostly 

 feed on grasses. 



The first two genera, Citharias and Haiera, are about two 

 inches and a half across the wings, and have short, broad fore 

 wings, almost perfectly transparent except the fringes and 

 nervures, and sometimes one or two narrow transverse brown 

 stripes. The hind wings are transparent, tinged with red, 

 purplish, or yellow, or marked with black along the hind 

 margin, and with a blue or black eye containing a white 

 pupil, and encircled with yellow at the front angle, and 

 sometimes also at the anal angle. The next genus, Pierella, 

 is brown, often semitransparenl, with transverse lines across, 

 most conspicuous beneath, and with a marginal row of black 

 eyes with white pupils, often represented by dots below, one 

 or two of which, placed at the front angle of the wing, are the 

 most conspicuous. The hind wings are usually more or less 

 red, yellow, black, blue, or while, towards the outer margins : 

 one species (P. Hortona) is black, with the centre of the hind 

 wings and a stripe on the fore wings blue. The next genus, 

 Aniirrhcsa, is larger, some species measuring lour inches 

 across. They are brown, with large blue spots, sometimes 

 on the fore wings and sometimes on the hind wings ; one 

 species {A. Miltiades) has a large irregular cream-coloured 

 spot on the hind wings, instead of blue. The hind wings in 

 several species are much dentated, and often produced into a 

 short tail. 



We now come to one of the most remarkable species in the 

 family, Ccerous Chorinmus. It is brown, about lour or five 

 inches across, the fore wings are strongly hooked and crossed 

 by a broad lawny band, and the hind wings are bordered by 

 a row of almost confluent darker tawny spots. The hind 

 wings are almost square, the hind margin somewhat convex ; 

 but at the outer angle is a short tail placed almost at right 

 angles' to the hind margin, beneath which ihe wing runs 

 almost straight to the anal angle. 



This insect, like all we have yet mentioned, is South 



American ; but the genera Zophoessn, Lethe, Bhntauhi* 



* In the forthcoming Supplement to my ' Catalogue of J^iurnal Lepi- 

 doptera,' 1 have substituted this name for Neope and Enope. both being 

 preoccupied. 



