INTRODUCIORY PAPERS ON LEPIDOPTRRA. 293 



of the surface; the hind wings have two distinct blacli eyes 

 beneath, more or less surrounded with yellow. Of the larger 

 species, T. Aliris has a broad white band on the fore wings, 

 and one or two white spots on the costa nearer the tip; the 

 hind wings have two yellow blotches on the hind margin, the 

 one at the anal angle very large ; on the under side there 

 are two very large eyes. T. Howqna is rich tawny, with 

 irregular black spots on all the wings above ; beneath there 

 are five red eyes on each wing, with white pupils, and yellow 

 and black outer rings. T. Nourinahal is similar, but reddish 

 brown, with a dull tawny band across the fore wings, and a 

 row of tawny spaces between the black marginal spots ; on 

 the under side there are but two eyes on the fore wings, and 

 three on the hind wings, the intermediate ones being merely 

 red spots. T. Camadeva, from North India, is the commonest 

 of the large species: towards the base it is tawny-brown, 

 darker outwardly on the hind wings; the disk of the fore 

 wings, a row of marginal spots on all the wings, and a larger 

 second row on the hind wings, is iridescent bluish white, with 

 an outer row of square black spots, and more or less traces of 

 a second row of round ones on the fore wings ; each wing 

 has five red eyes beneath, nearly as in T. Howqua, but 

 larger. A species closely allied to Camadeva has been 

 described from Cambodia. 



No one can mistake the great South American species of 

 Morpho for any other butterflies: they are slender bodied, 

 day-flying insects, with a row of eyes on all the wings 

 beneath ; the wings vary a little in shape, being much longer 

 and narrower in some species than others ; they are generally 

 dentated, and are occasionally produced almost into a short 

 tail ; they vary from about three to eight or nine inciies in 

 expanse. We may take M. Perseus, Laertes, ^(/a, Sul- 

 kowskyi, Ci/pris, Menelans, and Achilles, as the repre- 

 sentatives of groups. M. Perseus is of a rich dark brown, 

 with the base of all the wings grayish blue in the ujale, 

 except a broad brown space running iiom the base of the 

 fore wings along the costa for two-third< of its length. The 

 female has the bluish portion replaced with orange on the 

 greater part of the fore wings and the middle of the costa of 

 the hind wings. The largest Morphos (M. Hecuba and 

 Cisseis) are also of a prevailing orange lint. M. Laertes and 



