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Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. VI, 



point occurs, if it occurs at all, in the base of cell R4. In some 

 groups there is a similar spot in the distal part of cell M of the 

 fore wing (Fig. 8). This spot which has apparently been but 

 little noted, while it is characteristic of fewer groups of Tri- 

 choptera is as constant in position as are those of cell R4 in 

 the fore and hind wings. 



On account of the reduced number of segments in the male 

 palpus Helicopsyche has always been placed in the very hetero- 

 geneous family Sericostomatidas though its isolated position 

 within that family has been fully recognized. Its venation, 

 as interpreted by Martynov, has some resemblance in the 

 points here considered to the very abnormal venation of the 

 Molannidas and to that of the Leptoceridas. 



Fig. 4. 



a, Apical part of fore wing of Molannodes zelleri. 

 h, Same of Molanna cinerea 9 . 



In the Molannidae there has come about a very considerable 

 shifting in the position of the veins as a result doubtless of the 

 unusual position of the wings — these being rolled more or less 

 about the body. In the European genus Molannodes (Fig. 4a) 

 the condition with respect to radius is strikingly like that which 

 is at least sometimes found in Helicopsyche (Fig. 3c), that is, 

 R5 has arched back into M1+2 obliterating the cross vein rm and 

 leaving its own base in the regular position of that cross vein. 

 There is a further reduction in the fusion of R2 and R3. In 

 Molanna cinerea (Fig. 4b) there is a similar condition but 

 R2+3 has also fused with Ri. In both genera M3+4 has migrated 



