10 NYMPHALID.^. NYMPIIALIN^. ERGOLIS. 



India, and from Ceylon, in wliich places it replaces the common North Indian species, 

 E. viciione. It has been taken also as far north as Khandalla in the Western Gh^ts by Major 

 Yerbury. 



301. Ergolis ariadno, Linnoeus. 



Papilio arladne, Linnasus, Syst. Nat , vol. i, pt. 2, p. 778, n. 170(1767); Biblis ariadne, Godart, Enc. 

 M^th., vol. ix, p. 327, n. 6(1819) ; Ergolis ariadne, Boisdiival, Sp. Gen., vol. i, pi. iv, fig. 4, larva and pupa, 

 (1836) ; id , (part), Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E, I. C., vol. i, p. 144, n. 293 (1857); id., Putler, Cat. 

 Fab. Lep. B. M., p 70, n. 2 (1869) ; id., Wallace, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond, 1869, p. 332, n. i ; id.. Distant, 

 Rhop. Malay., p. 137, n. 1, pi. xi, fig. 6, female (1882) ; Papilio coryta, Cramer, Pap. Ex., vol. i, pi. 

 Ix.xxvi, figs. E, F (1776) ; id., Herbst, Pap., pi, clxxxi, figs. 3, 4 (1794) ; Ariadne coryta ? Horsfield, Cat. Lep. 

 E. L C, pi. vi, f. 2, male ; pi. vii, fig. 6, structure 0/ imago, larva and pupa (1829); Ergolis coryta. 

 Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I C, vol. i, p. 144, n. 294, pi. vi, flg. 6, larva ; 6a, pupa 

 ("1857)5 E- viinorata, Moore, Lep. Cey., vol. i, p. 44, pi. xxiii, figs. 2, 2a, w/«/e (1881) ; E. indica, Moore, 

 Journ. A. S. B., vol. liii, pt. 2, p. 20 (1884). 



Habitat : Throughout India, Ceylon, Assam, Burma, Malay peninsula, Sumatra, Java, 

 Borneo and Formosa. 



Expanse : i -8 to 2*3 inches. 



Description : "Male and female rufous or ochraceous. Forewing with a small white 

 subapical spot placed just above the bifurcation of the fourth and fifth subcostal nervules, 

 and with the cell crossed by the following dark markings : — a short and nearly straight basal line 

 continued to the submedian nervure, a double-looped and much- waved line in the middle, and 

 two longer, waved, and more widely separated lines at the apex ; two waved discal fu.scous lines 

 crossing both wings, commencing about the subcostal nervure of the forewing, and terminating 

 near the submedian nervure of the hindvving ; on both wings these are followed by a waved 

 and more indistinct line, and again by a very dark and sinuated submarginal line ; a similarly 

 dark marginal line, the c/Zm somewhat alternately greyish. Underside very dark ochraceous 

 or pale castaneous, crossed by three very irregular dark fasciae, the first near the base, the 

 second crossing the wings about the apices of the cells, the third between the last and the 

 outer margin ; these fasci;^ have their margins darker, and the third encloses a series of dark 

 spots placed between the nervules (tiiese are most distinct on the hindwing) ; marginal and 

 submarginal lines as above, and the subapical white spot on the forewing very distinct. In 

 the MALE the area of the median nervules, on the underside of the forewing, is shininf^ 

 greenish fuscous. Body and legs more or less concolourous with the wings." {Distant, I.e.) 



This is as common a species as E. merione. I have taken it at all seasons in Calcutta, 

 and rarely in Sikkim. There are specimens in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, from Orissa {IV. 

 C. Taylor), Sibsagar (.S. E. Peal), Sylhet, Cachar (Wood-Masott), Mergui archipelago {Dr. y. 

 Andersoti) ; Bombay, the Wynaad, Calicut, South India, Ceylon, Upper Tenasserim, and Java 

 {Horsfield). Mr. Moore has recorded E. ariadne from the North-West Himalayas (Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 240), but as the specimens referred to were probably those collected in 

 Calcutta and given by me to Mr. Hocking, this is most likely incorrect. Colonel Swinhoe has 

 taken it as far west as Deesa in Rajputana. 



Mr. Moore has apparently confined E. ariadne to Java, as recently he has described 

 E. indica from India. Comparing specimens so named by him with Javan ones collected by 

 Dr. Horsfield, I can find no constant character by which to separate them. The description 

 of E. indica is given as a foot-note.* Similarly I am unable to separate the Ceylon specimens 

 which he has named E. ininorata from Continental Indian ones, except that they are rather 

 smaller. The description is given below. t It would appear from it that there is a wide 



• Ergolis indica, Moore, Journ. A. S. B., vol. liii, pt. 2. p. 20 (1884). Habitat: Calcutta, Madras, 

 Bombay, Nilgiris Expanse: i 62 to i'7S inches. Description: "Differs from typical Javan specimens 

 oi E. ariadne in its smaller size. Upphksiue of a duller colour, the markings more obscure and con'-iderably 

 less sinuous Undrrside with paler intersp.-»ces between the bamls, the apical border oi ihs /brewing and the 

 marginal border of the hindtving grever, and comparatively broader." (Moore. I.e.) 



+ Ergolis >ninorata. Moore, T^ep. Cey., vol. i, p. 44, pi. xxiii, figs. 2, 2a, male fi88o). Habitat : Ceylon. 

 Expanse: male, i'62 . /emale. ^'?,?i inches- Description: " Male and female. Uppeuside dark ferruginous: 

 both ivings with two short black waved lines across the base of the cell, a subbasal line, a disco-cellular line, a 

 medial line, two discal lines, and a inargmal line; a small white costal spot before the apex in both se.ves 

 Undhusidb dark purple-brown, with the black lines less distinct and with four purple-grey intervening 

 spaces ; apical spot distinct." {Moore, l.c ) 



" Found in low country, and hlMs up to 4,000 feet. Less common \.h.^a E . iaprobana. May to June in 

 greatest number" (Mackwood) " Kandy" ({■Fadej. 



