NYMPHALID^, NYMPHALIN^. CUPHA. 21 



A second supposed species, of which the female only is known, has been described as 

 below * from Singapore under the name of E. pfeijffercB. So far as I can see the male of 

 E. etiplxoides is inseparable from that of E. halitherses, and judging from analogy, it may 

 be predicted that the male of E. pfeiffenv when discovered will also be found to be insepar- 

 able, and that the whole of these forms belong to one species, halitherses, constant (or nearly 

 so) in the male, but exhibiting six, possibly more, forms in the female, isa, nydelius, cinna- 

 momeus, alcathoeoides, euplccoides and pfeiffene. 



Genus 43.— 0T7PHA, Billberg. (Plate XXIII). 



Cupha, Billberg, Enum. Ins., p. 79 (1820); id, Moore, Lep. Cey., vol. i, p. 64 (1881); id., Distant, 

 Rhop. Malay., p. 176 (1882) ; Messaras, Doubleday, Gen. Diurn. Lep., vol. i, p. 163 {1848). 



" Head, rather broad, hairy. Eyes, oval, rather prominent. Palpi, divergent, ascending, 

 projecting considerably beyond the forehead ; first joint subcylindric, slightly curved, scaly, 

 the scales very long ; second joint five times the length of the first, large, much swollen 

 beyond the middle, tapering towards the apex, which is truncate, scaly, and in front hairy, 

 the external hairs much the longest, dorsal tuft short ; third joint slender, acicular,+ equal in 

 length to the first. AttlenncB, scarcely three-fourths the length of the body, gradually and 

 almost imperceptibly thickening towards the apex into a slender club, the last joint of which 

 is pointed. Thorax, oval, moderately stout, hairy. Abdomen, rather slender, more than two- 

 thirds as long as the abdominal margin of the hindwing. Forewing, subtriangular ; the 

 costal margin considerably rounded ; the outer margin about two-thirds the length of the costal 

 margin, rounded, slightly sinuate ; inner margin straight, a little longer than the outer. 

 Costal fiervure stout, terminating before the middle of the costal margin. Subcostal nervure 

 slender, lying close to the costal until the latter turns upwards to the costa ; its first nervule 

 thrown off just before the end of the cell ; its second at some distance beyond it ; its third 

 about as far from the second as this is from the first ; its fourth less than half way between the 

 third and the apex, just before which it terminates. Cell short, about one-third the length 

 of the wing. Upper disco-cellular nervule all but wanting ; middle much curved inwards ; 

 lower very slender, almost atrophied, slightly curved, about double the length of the middle 



of the same colour near apex of inner margin. Hindtving with a very large white spot occupying the larger 

 portion of cell, and narrowly attenuated and extending between the discoidal and third median nervules ; 

 on inner side of this are two long and linear white spots divided by the lower subcostal nervule ; the upper 

 of these is followed by a whitish spot, and the lower by two very small bluish spots, a pale streak on each side 

 of first median nervule, a long irregular and posteriorly bifid streak on inner side of submedian nervure, and 

 a marginal and submarginal row of small pale bluish spots placed in pairs between the nervules ; abdominal 

 margin white, containing two curved fuscous lines. Underside pale olivaceous-brown. Forewing with the 

 markings as above, but larger, especially the spots beyond the cell, which almost coalesce with the submarginal 

 series. Hindwing marked as above, but with an additional linear spot above the upper subcostal nervule, followed 

 by a subquadrate spot near apex ; the posterior angle of the/brewing and the margin of the hindwing between 

 the discoidal nervule and the anal angle is indigo-blue as above. Body above indigo-blue ; the eyes castaneous ; 

 head and thorax spotted and streaked with pale bluish ; abdomen w ith two prominent basal spots, and the 

 posterior segmental margins of the same colour, beneath marked much as above ; thorax beneath spotted 

 with whitish, femora streaked beneath with the same colour ; forelegs white, annulated with indigo-blue. 

 Female: IJppbrsidr pale brownish. Foreiving \'i\.\h the following whitish spots and markings :— a narrow 

 subcostal streak, a basal streak in cell, and a transverse spot at its termination ; an oblique macular fascia 

 composed of four large spots beyond cell, above which is a small costal spot, and beneath which are a sub- 

 marginal series of three spots, one above and two beneath the first median nervule ; a marginal series of small 

 spots which become linear at apex. H indivitig with the inner basal half whitish, and with the following markings 

 of the same colour ; a linear streak on each side of the lower subcostal nervule above cell, an irregular sub- 

 marginal series placed between the nervules (two between the first median nervule and submedian nervure), 

 and a marginal series of smaller spots. Underside as above. Body and legs coloured and marked as in male, 

 but paler." 



"The female of this species evidently 'mimics' the same sex of Eiipicea diocleiiana, Fabriclus, and 

 doubtless thereby obtains similar immunity from the attacks of birds and other enemies as is posse.ssed by 

 that inedible species. E. cuptoeoides is clearly a local race of E, halitherses, Doubleday and Hewitson." 

 (Distant, 1. c ) 



• Enripiis pfeifferce, Felder, Wien. Ent. Monatsch., vol. iv. p. 235, n 82, pi. iii, fig. z, female (i860) ; 

 id.. Distant, Rhop. Malay,, p. 135, n. 2, woodcut (1862). Habitat : Singapore. Expansk : 315 inches. 

 Descrii'TIon : "Kemale : Fotezuing with the outer margin convex. Uffekside fuscous, paler at base, darker 

 outwardly, and shot with purple ; a spot at the extremity of the cell generally obsolete, and a short trans- 

 verse subcostal band divided into four subelongate spots by the veins, (the lowest smallest), white. Hindiuing 

 slightly scalloped Uppersiue purplish-black, the costa and the inner margin paler, an elongate cellular spot 

 powdered with white (and generally with two interior streaks of the .same colour). Underside deep brown, 

 with a marginal series of elliptical spots white powdered with blue. Forewing tinted internally with lilac, the 

 spots and fascia of the upperside, and two powdery blu'sh spots towards the inner angle. Hindwing with tbe 

 spots and streaks of the upperside more or less distinct, and seven exterior white spots powdered with blue and 

 ringed with black, arranged in a line forming an angle (the first spot the largest). Abdomen black above, with 

 the spots at the sides and a double series of abdominal ones white." (Felder, \. c. ) 



Mr. Distant remarks (1 c ) that he only knows this species by Felder's figure and description. 



\ AcicuLAK, with undulate scratches as if made with a needle, from acus, a needle. 



