22 NYMPHALID/E. NYMPIIALIN^. CUPHA. 



one, anastomosing with the third median nervule close to its origin. HiNDWiNG, obovate ; 

 the outer margin slightly sinuate-dentate, the longest tooth being at the termination of the 

 third median nervule. Piwcostal nei-vure simple, bent abruptly outwards. Discoidal nei-vide 

 appearing to be a third subcostal nervule. Cell open. Abdominal fold ample. Forelegs, 

 of the male scaly, and slightly fringed with hairs ; femur longer than the tibia, curved ; tibia 

 also curved, nearly cylindric ; tarsus two-fifths of the length of the tibia, subcylindric, slightly 

 tapering towards the apex. Of the /J ;««/^ with the yt'w?^/' longer than the tibia, fringed with 

 hair ; tibia cylindric, scaly and hairy, spiny within towards the apex ; tarsus five-jointed ; 

 the first joint one-half longer than the rest combined, spiny within, and furnished, as are the 

 three following joints, with a spine on each side at the apex, covered by a tuft of hair at the 

 base of the following joint ; fourth and fifth joints transverse, the fifth very small. Middle and 

 IIINDLEGS, with the tibicc quite as long as the femora, spiny externally and laterally, the lateral 

 spines longest, spurs rather long ; tarsi longer than the tibice, spiny , the spines of the upper 

 surface slender, the lateral ones the longest, those of the under surface arranged in two regular 

 series ; first joint equal in length to the rest combined ; the three following joints progressively 

 shorter; fifth elongate, ovate, equal in length to the third." {Doubleday, 1. c.) 



Larva and pupa unknown. 



Cupka is a genus of moderate extent, about ten species having been described as belonging 

 to it, which occur throughout India except in the dry plains of the North West, in Ceylon, 

 the Andaman and Nicobar isles, Burma, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, and reaching 

 into China. They are moderate-sized butterflies, not very strong on the wing, with the 

 prevailing colour ochreous, and the apex of the forewing broadly bordered with black. 



Eey to ths Indian species of Cuplia. 



A, The black apical area on the upperside of forewing bearing usually two distinct ochreous spots ; the 



black spot in the submedian interspace usually prominent, large and quadrate. 



307. C. ERVMANTHis, India, Burma, Andamans and Nicobars, &c. 



B. The black apical area on the upperside of forewing bearing a single indistinct and often entirely obso- 



lete ochreous spot ; the black spot in the submedian interspace usually small or obsolete. 



308. C. PLACIDA, South India, Ceylon. 



307. Oupha erymantlliS, Drury. (Plate xxiir, Fig. ios,?). 



Paf>ilio erymanthis, Drury, III. Ex. Ent., vol. i, pi. xv, figs. 3,4 (1770) ! 'd . Cramer, Pap. Ex , vol. iii, 

 pi. ccxxxviii, figs. F, G {1779) ; Argynnis erymaiithis, Godart, Enc. Rleth., vol. ix, p. 257, n. 4 (1819) ; id., 

 Donovan, Ins. China (new edition), p. 64, pi. xxxv, fig. i (1842) ; Cupka eryjnanthis. Distant, Rhop. Malay., 

 p. 176, n. I, pi. viii, fig. 4, tnale (1882) ; Papilio iotis, Sulzer (nee Cramer), Gesch. Ins., pi. xvi, fig. 6 (1776) ; 

 niessaras erymanthis var. nikobarica, Felder, Verh. zool -bot. Gesells. Wien, vol. xii, p. 486, n. 124 (1862). 



Habitat : Kumaon, Nepal, Sikkim, Dacca, Naga Hills, Sylhet, British Burma, Upper 

 Tenasserim, Andaman and Nicobar isles, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, China. 



Expanse: i '9 to 2*5 inches. 



Description : "Male and female: Upperside brownish ochraceous, with two irregu- 

 lar dark spots in cell, and two narrow waved dark lines at end of same ; a broad and much 

 waved and sinuated stramineous fascia a little beyond cell, which is inwardly margined with 

 blackish, and beyond which the colour is wholly blackish containing a stramineous spot 

 between the discoidal nervules, and a lineate spot between the second and first median nervules ; 

 in the pale fascia are two dark brownish spots separated by the second median nervule, and a 

 larger quadrate spot beneath the first median nervule. Hindiuing with a narrow, black, 

 strongly, and irregularly waved line crossing wing near apex of cell ; this is followed by 

 a straighter and broken linear fascia, outwardly margined with ochraceous, again succeeded 

 by an outer discal row of spots placed between the nervules, two submarginal waved 

 and broken fascice and a marginal fascia, all blackish. Abdominal margin greyish brown. 

 Underside as above, but pale ochraceous. Foreiuing with the pale fascia much broader 

 and beneath the third median nervule, widening to outer margin, where it contains a waved 

 linear fascia before the dark spots ; the apical area brownish, containing three pale spots 

 beyond the pale fascia, and separated by the discoidal nervules, and two submarginal narrow 

 waved dark linear fascia.', which are broken, maculate, and elongate near apex. Hitidwing, 

 with a distinct lunulatc pale violaceous fascia before the black spots, which nre more or 



