NYMPHALID^. NYMPIIALIN^. CETHOSIA. 33 



chief predominating colours, and in certain lights fresh-caught males have a beautiful purple 

 gloss on tlie uppersiJe. The deep scalloping of the hiudwing is a very remarkable feature. 

 They occur in the eastern Himalayas, Assam, Sylhet, Burma, and thence through the Malay 

 Penin'^ula and Arcliipelago to Australia. One species each occurs in Southern India, Ceylon 

 and the Andamans and Nicobars. Where they occur they are usually numerous in individuals, 

 and very conspicuous from their bright colouration. Owing to the strong scent with which 

 their bodies are impregnated, they are probably distasteful to insectivorous animals. 



Zey to the Indian species of Cethosia. 



A. Base of hindwing on upperside marked with black spots below subcostal nervure. 



a. With a single prominent black spot just beyond end of cell, no discal series beyond. 



316. C. CVANE, Oudh, Calcutta, Eastern Himalayas, Assam, Burma. 



b. With two discal series of black spots in addition to those beyond end cf cell. 



a'. Base of forewing on upperside broadly fulvous- red in male, ochreous in female. 



317. C. MiHRiTTl, South India. 



3'. Base of forewing on upperside ochreous, much restricted in male, greyish-blue la 

 female. 



318. C. NiETNERl, Ceylon. 



B. Base of hindwing on upperside unmarked with black spots below subcostal nervure except by trans- 



parency from underside. 



a, Upperside with a series of fine white lunules on margin following dentation of wings. 



319. C- BiBLis, Eastern Himalayas, Assam, Burma. 



b, Upperside with margin black, not bearing a series of prominent white lunules. 



320. C. NIKOBARICA, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. 



316. OetJiosia cyan©, Drury. 



Papilio cyane, Drury, 111. Ex. Ent., vol. i, pi. iv, fig. 1 {^^^o), female. 



Habitat : Oudh, Eastern Himalayas, Calcutta, Cachar, Sylhet, Assam, Pegu and Upper 

 Tenasserim. 



Expanse : <? , 3*4 to 4*0 ; ? , 3'i to 4T inches. 



Description : Male. Upperside, forewing with the base, the lower half of the cell and 

 the area below the cell obliquely to near the anal angle rich fulvous-red, the rest of the wing 

 black with white markings. A black spot placed just within the red area in the first median 

 interspace, and another smaller one (sometimes a second) placed below it in thesubmedian inter- 

 space. An oblique very irregular subapical white band, bearing two black spots in the lower 

 discoidal and second median interspaces ; a submarginal series of indistinct white spots, the 

 lower one of the series fulvous-red, and a marginal series of fine white very deep lunules, 

 one in each interspace except the anal one where there are two, forming a W-shaped 

 figure ; the discal series of white lunules obsolescent where not merged in the white 

 band. Hindwing rich fulvous-red, the outer margin black. Two black spots placed in 

 the interspace above the subcostal nervure, three rounded ones beyond the cell, a discal 

 series of six, and a submarginal diffused series placed on the veins and coalescing with the 

 black margin, the latter bearing a series of lunules as in the forewing- Cilia white, black 

 at the ends of the nervules. Underside very beautifully marked with black, white, 

 violaceous, fulvous and vermilion. Forewing with the cell crossed by several lines of 

 black, vermilion and violaceous, the white subapical band as above, a discal series of white 

 lanceolate markings, the black margin marked as above, except that there is a white 

 streak in the middle of each interspace from the cilia towards the apex of the deep white 

 marginal lunules, the black margin inwardly defined with a fulvous line. Hindioing 

 with the base whitish, bearing numerous irregularly-placed black streaks ; then a vermilion 

 irregular band, with a series of rounded black spots placed on the inner side of a whitish band 

 beyond it, then a fulvous band which is continued up to the first median nerviile of the 

 forewing, bearing a series of small black marks on its inner edge, one in each interspace ; 

 then a white band bearing inwardly a series of round black spots one in each interspace, and 

 outwardly another series two in each interspace, and lastly the black m.^rgin marked as iu 



5 



