NYMPHALID^. NYMPHALIN.^. CETHOSIA. 35 



3 » 8. Cethosia nietneri, FeW er. 



C. WfVfw^rt, Fclder, Reise Novara, Lep., vol. iii, p. 380, n. 552, pi. xlviii, figs. s,(,,femaU (1867); id., 

 Moore, Lep. Cey„ vol. i, p. 51, pi. xxvii, figs. 3, male ; 3a. female ; 36, lat-va and pupa (i88o>. 



Habitat : Ceylon. 



Expanse : ^ , 30 to 4-1 j ? , 3-3 to 4-0 inches. 



Description : ♦' Male. Upperside blue-black. Fornvhtg with the lower basal area 

 ochreous merging to ochreous-white ; some pale streaks across the cell ; a bluish-white streak 

 beyond the cell bordered above and below by a blue line, a transverse discal series of narrow 

 conical-lunate marks, a linear row of spots, and a marginal row of narrow sinuous marks ; 

 some black streaks on lower basal area. Hindwing with the posterior basal area bluish-white \ 

 some black discoidal streaks interspaced with ochreous ; an upper discal row of black 

 diffused spots and an outer row of larger oval spots followed by a submarginal row of white 

 Junules and a marginal row of slender white sinuous marks. Gilia white. Female duller 

 coloured, the white markings dull greyish-blue, no ochreous on the basal area. Forewing with 

 broad black streaks between the lower median and submedian veins. Body ochreous, thorax 

 bluish-grey. Underside pale greenish-grey, merging to bluish -grey across the disc, bordered 

 by a submarginal ochreous band, and a black marginal band with white sinuous marks and 

 medial streak, toreiving with black discoidal streaks, lower discal spots, transverse discal 

 series of large conical white-bordered spots, followed by a row of white-bordered black lunular 

 spots. Hindwing with black basal streaks, large conical discal spots bordered outwardly by a 

 row of white-bordered spots." 



"Larva cylindrical, purple-black, with red medial transverse bands, the sixth and eighth 

 segments with a yellow band ; head armed with two long stout spinous processes, the segments 

 with two dorsal and two lateral rows of long slender finely-branched spines. Feeds on 

 Modecca, Pupa ochreous-white, clouded with brown, abdominal segments tubercular, wing- 

 cases dilated and exfoliated beneath, head with two pointed processes." (^Moore, 1. c.) 



This species is apparently confined to the island of Ceylon, where it " occurs in the lower 

 lands, but more numerous in the hilly districts ; commoner some years than others" (Mackvjood'). 

 " Taken at Galle and Kandy" ( ?Frt(/(?). It has the black markings identical in pattern with 

 C. mahralta but of greater extent on the upperside, but differs from that species in the far 

 greater predominance of white in the ground-colour, especially on the underside, where in 

 both sexes the fulvous colour is confined to a broad submarginal band. 



Two additional and very beautiful species have been recorded from the Malay Peninsula • 

 the descriptions are given below.* Mr. Butler has recorded C. 7nethypsea from Assam and' 

 C. hyps'ma from Assam and Nepal, but this is almost certainly an error. 



Cethosia jtiethypsea, Butler, Trans. Linn. Soc, Zoology, second series, vol. i, p. 543, n. i (1877) ; id. Distant 

 Rhop. Malay., p. 171, n. 2, pi. viii, fig. g, viale (1882). Habitat : Assam ? Perak, Province Welles'iey.'Malacca' 

 ExPANSB :»««/(? 3-2 to 3-35 ;yi-w,i/^, 2-4 inches. Description: " Malb. Uppersidb, yjprtjMn^ resemblinff 

 C. lag-am, but the basal reddish area less black-spotted, and the apical black area crossed a little beyond cell 

 by an oblique series of six pale spots (ocbraceous-white or greyish- white) placed between the nervules, the upper 

 three being minute, and the fifth and sixth notched with black ; between the lower spot and the costa'is a waved 

 outer series of four small spots. Hind-wing with the outer black margin narrower than in C. lognni. and without 

 the numerous black discal spots. Underside with the ground-colour and the cellular markings of the forezviuz 

 generally as in C. logani. Forewing with a broad oblique ochraceous-white or greyish-white fascia a little 

 beyond the cell, the upper part of which is margined with small black spots, which are then deflexed 

 and obliquely continued across the wing, where they become the inner margin of an oblique discal 

 subtnangular pale fascia ; both these fasciae are also outwardly margined with blackish, and the upper one 

 terminates in a narrow pale submarginal fascia, which contains a series of black spots ; outer margin much as in 

 C. logani. Hindiuinf; w'wh. the basal and subbasal fascia; as in C, logani, and with a broad medial irregular and 

 much-waved pale fascia, which is inwardly margined with black spots; a black spot in cell ; a submarginal 

 narrow pale fascia inwardly margined with small rounded black spots and outwardly by narrow linear black spots • 

 outer margin much as in C. /c^a«2 Fbmal*. More ochraceous than the male ; black area of the yo>(rWHp- rather 

 larger, the oblique macular fascia above larper, continuous, and much more pale ochraceous, and the connect- 

 ing spots with costa also more distinct ; the pale discs of botli -wings are also a little more black-spotted" 

 UWDKEsiDB as in male." 



" I only possess one female specimen of this species, and should incline to the view that it must be 

 abnormally small in size, as the above-given dimension testifies. The males vaty in having the pale markings 

 either ochraceous-white or nearly pure greyish-white," (Distant, 1. c.) 



Cethosia hyf>sina, P"elder, Reise Novara, Lep., vol iii, p. 385. n. 559 (1866) ; id., Butler. Trans. Linn. Soc 

 Zoology, second series, vol. i, p. 543, n. 2 (1S77) ; id., Distant, Khop. Malay., p 172, n. 3, pi. viii, fit's. 67" 



