NYMPHALID^. NYMPHALIN^. TERINOS. 39 



comes almost exactly midway between the first and second branch. In T. abisares the difference 

 is still more marked, since in the male the disco-cellular arises in advance of the second median 

 nervule, while in the female it is nearly midway between them. This is a remarkable illustra- 

 tion of Darwin's law, that when a particular character varies sexually, it also varies specifically. 

 As a rule, differences of neuration are generic, rarely varying much from closely-allied species 

 to species. Here we have them as a sexual distinction j and we also find them varying in an 

 unusual degree from species to species. It is also very interesting to remark, that in the two 

 species, T. robertsia and T. viola, the Singapore variety is more highly coloured and has the 

 branches of the median nervure more distant from the base of the wing than in the more 

 rufous-tinged Sumatran specimens, shewing a remarkable correlation between local modifications 

 of tint, and what are usually important and stable structural characters." 



In addition to the single species occurring in British Burma there are two well-marked 

 species of the genus occurring in the Malay peninsula ; a description of them is given below." 

 Mr. Distant remarks of the females that they " appear to be excessively rare, or, as is possible 

 a difference in their habits may be the cause of their very infrequent capture." 



321. Teriaos Clarissa, Boisduvai. (Plate xxiii, fig. ioi<?). 



T. Clarissa, Boisduvai, Sp. Gen., vol. i, pi. ix, fig. 4 (1836), 



Habitat : Upper Tenasserim, Singapore, Java, Borneo. 



Expanse : <? , 2-85 inches (Javan specimen) , 3-4 inches (Tenasserim and Bornean specnnens). 



Description : Male. Upperside rich dark violaceous. Forming with the usual deep 

 brown velvety patch occupying about half the wing surface, commencing on the inner margin 

 about one-fourth of its length from the base, extending up the outer margin as far as the lower 

 discoidal nervule, which bounds it anteriorly, then extending obliquely across the wing to 

 the point where it first commences. The apical margin black. Hindwing with a similar 

 but smaller apical patch ; the outer margin broadly ochraceous, bearing two obsolete series 

 of blackish lunules, which are most prominent at the anal angle where they approximate. 

 Underside dull ferruginous brown marked (in the Tenasserim specimen) with very indistinct 

 darker brown and pale violet irregular lines across the surface. Foreimng with a subapical 



* Terinos robertsia, Butler, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., third series, vol. xx, p. 399, pi viii figs 2— i (1867! • 

 id., Wallace, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lend., 1869, p. 342 ; id., Butler, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zoologv, second series vol 1 

 p. 544, n. 2 (1877) ; id.. Distant, Rhop. Malay., p. 182, n. i, pi. x, fig. 7, male (1882). Habitat: Perak Penane-' 

 Province Wellesley, Malacca, Ayerpanas, Singapore. Exfanse : 25 to 29 inches. Description • '•• Malk 

 UppERsinB dark violaceous. Foreiving with a large dark brownish silky patch, which occupies about anical 

 half of wing, but not extending above the discoidal nervules, except at outer margin, where it is continued 

 to apex, it also extends along inner margin to base. Hindwing with a similar but smaller silky patch broadly 

 occupying apex and extending from costal margin to the lower subcostal nervule ; two large white submareinal 

 spots separated by the upper median nervule and a third almost obsolete spot between the second and first 

 median nervules ; narrow waved darker marginal and submarginal fascia; ; cilia greyish Undbrsidb of a 

 steely-bluish colour, crossed by a number of dull reddish fasci32, of which five narrow and much waved cross 

 both wings from base to a little beyond cell ; these are followed by a broader and less waved fascia, which on the 

 forewing is succeeded by a macular fascia, of which the upper spots are outwardly pointed, and one marginal 

 and two narrow submarginal fasciae which become fused at apex, and there contain a small white spot nitced 

 between the fourth and fifth subcostal nervules ; on the hindwing the medial broad fascia is followed by one 

 broader and more irregular, \yhich contains a series of castaneous spots placed between the nervules. one mar- 

 ginal and two submarginal fascia;, between which the colour is greyish-white, and the inner one of which is 

 waved and at about middle dentate, thus enclosing some apparently large angulated greyish-white spots 

 Body above concolourous with wings ; beneath, with the femora, greyish ; tibiae and tarsi ochraceous." (Distant 

 1. c.) 'I Female. Uppbrsidb fuscous, the basal area, six unequal discal spots in the forewing placed between 

 the veins and the discal area of the hindwing shining purple. Foreiving vi\t)Mwo equi-distant transverse 

 bands darker fuscous. Z/^/^^^rw^"- with white spots as in the male, and other marginal contiguous lunules 

 whitish." {Butler, 1. c. in Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist.) The hindwing in this species is evenly waved but 

 not tailed. ' 



Terinos teittkras, Hewitson, Proc. 2ool. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 89 ; id., Butler, Trans. Linn. Sor., Zoology- 

 second series, vol. i, p. 544, d. i (1877) ; id.. Distant, Rhop. Malay., p. 183, n. 2, pi. x, fig. 6, 7nale (1882) • 

 T. viola, Wallace, Trans. Ent. Soc Lond., 1869, p. 343. Habitat : Perak, Penang, Province Wellesley' 

 Malacca, Singapore. Expanse : Tl/ot/^, 3'2 to 3'6 inches. DbscriptioN : '• Male. Uppkhsidb dark violaceous! 

 Forewing with a large dark brownish silky patch as in preceding species, but which extends a little above the 

 Upper discoidal nervule and inwardly to the lower disco-cellular nervule. Hindwing with a similar patch near 

 apex, which does not extend to the outer margin, and is continued to between the lower subcastal and the discoidal 

 nervules ; some large marginal conical whitish spots above middle of outer margin, through which extends 'a 

 waved dark violaceous submarginal fa>cia ; a dark marginal fascia and the cilia greyish. Underside brownish 

 with steely reflections. Foreiuiiig with the cell crossed by two narrow waved reddish fasciae, beyond which is 

 a similar very broad and marginally waved fascia cxos,%\nz botli wings; this is also succeeded on both wings 

 by a narrow bluish lunulate line, which on the hindwing is placed in front of some reddish spots situated between 

 the nervules ; the forewing possesses a p-ile apical patch enclosing a dark spot and a pale submarginal fascia • 

 the hindwingha.^ an ochraceous much-waved submarginal fascia, on each side of which the colour is p.ile bluish' 

 .e^rfj more of less concolourous with wings; legs ochr.iceous." {.Distant, I.e.) The hindwing iu this species 

 is prominently tailed. 



