NYMPHALID^. NYMPHALIN/E. APATURA. 51 



the UPPERSIDE ; the spots are yellowish-white, and those along the exterior margins are 

 larger." (Moore, 1. c. in Cat. Lep. Mus. E, I. C.) 



The males are common in Sikkim at low elevations, and are found more sparingly 

 throughout the outer ranges of the Himalayas westward as far as Murree ; they are not usually 

 difficult to capture, as they come down to the wet sand on the borders of the hill streams to drink. 

 There is a single female from Masuri in the Indian Museum, also males from Buxa, Bhutan 

 (^Moti Ram), and the Naga Hills ; Major Marshall has taken it below Naini Tal in Kumaon, 

 and Dr. E. R. Johnson at Shillong in the Khasi hills in July. 



A curious variety or " sport" of A. namouna has been figured and described by Hewitson 

 under the name of A. zanoa, in which the discal white band on the upperside has nearly 

 disappeared, the margin of both wings on the underside much more widely rufous, and the 

 discal rufous band of A namouna entirely absent. The description is appended.* 



The figure shows both sides of a male Sikkim specimen in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 

 A variety of ^. namouna occvns in the interior of the North-Western Himalayas, of which 

 three male specimens are in Major Marshall's collection ; two from Kutabal in Kashmir, 

 taken in June by Mrs. R. Bazett at an elevation of 8,200 feet, and one from Pangi, on 

 the east border of Kashmir, taken by Mr. R. Ellis ; they differ from typical A. namouna, 

 and also from the specimen figured by Von Hligel as A, ambica in the following particulars : — 

 they are considerably larger than the normal form, their expanse being from 3" 15 to 

 3*50 inches ; on the upperside the purple gloss is much duller and less distinctly defined ; 

 and the white discal band is more widely diffused both outwardly and inwardly by white 

 powdering, especially on the hindwing. In the forcmng, there is an additional white spot 

 above the upper discoidal nervule in prolongation of the discal band, and all the white 

 spots are larger. In the hindwing the sub marginal series of white dots is expanded into 

 a series of diffused and almost confluent white lunules. On the underside the discal rufous 

 band is wider, its outer edge less sharply defined with black, and less sinuous ; in the 

 forewing the additional white spot also appears, the black spots in the cell are much larger 

 (confluent in one specimen), the black patch at the inner angle is larger and more diffused, 

 an 1 the whitish lunules on the rufous border are reduced to two, and in the hindwing the 

 black spot of the rufous band on the lower median interspace, which is found in all typical 

 Apaturas in India, is entirely wanting. The absence of this latter spot, and the presence of 

 an additional white spot in the discal band, are probably sufficient to separate this as a 

 distinct species, but in the absence of further specimens and wider knowledge of the 

 insect I prefer to consider it a variety. 



330. Apatura IsJiavana, Moore. 



A. bhavana, Moore, Trans. Eut. See, Lond., 1S81, p. 307 ; id., Waterhouse, Aid, vol. ii, pi. cxxvii, 

 fig. 2 (18S3). 



Habitat : N. E. Bengal. 



Expanse : d* , 3 inches. 



Description : "Male : Allied to A. ambica. Differs in its larger expanse, {"he forrwing 

 being more deflexed, and of less breadth across : the hindiving is also more produced at the 

 anal angle. On the upperside the transverse discal white band is similar, but there are 

 only two small apical white spots, and the exterior border of both wings has an unmarked 

 fulvous-brown fascia. Underside also similar, the nacreousf basal and extei-nal areas are 



* Apatura zanoa, Hewitson, Ex. Butt., vol. iv, pi. i, Afatura, figs. 7, 8 (1869). Habitat: Darjiling. 

 Expanse: 2'S inches. Description: "Male: Uppbrsidb dark brown, the ir;V/<r marked by lunules of white. 

 Forewing with a large space of brilliant blue on the inner margin, marked by four or five lilac spots, which 

 are again marked with white : three small white spots before the ape.x. Hiriiiwing with a tuft of white hair 

 near the middle, a white spot on the costal m »rgin, an orange spot at the anal angle, and some very slight 

 linear white spots near the outer margin. Undebsidk white, tinted with lilac near the inner margin of the 

 /oreiving : both luings with the outer margin broadly rufous. Forewing with four small black spots in the cell, 

 two larger black spots below these between the median nervules, three kinular spots of white, a spot of the same 

 colour at the anal angle, crossed, together with one of the said lunular spots, by a linear black spot. Hiiuiiving 

 with a white spot at the anal angle, also marked by a line of black." 



" This is very probably only a remarkable variety of A. namouiia, such as they designate as " an aberra- 

 tion" on the Continent." {Hewitson, 1 c.) 



t Nackeous, having a pearly lustre, from nacre, niothcr-ofpearl. 



