NYMPIIALID.E. NYMPHALIN^. JUNONIA. 65 



Genus 61.-JT71T0NIA, HUbner. (Plate XX). 



Tunonia, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 34 (1816) ; id., Felder, Neues Lep., p. 13, n. 25 (1861) ; id., Moore, 

 Lep. Cey., vol. i, p. 40 {1881) ; id., Godman and Salviii, Ciol. Centr. Am,, Rhop., p. 219 (1882) ; id , Distant, Rhop. 

 Malay.,p. 92 (i882);id., sect, i, Doubleday, Gen. Diurn. Lep., vol. i, p. 206(1849); Temetiis (part), Hubner, 

 Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 34 ; Alcyoneis, idem, id,, p. 35 (1816). 



'• Head, about equal in width to the thorax, thickly clothed with short hair-like scales. 

 Eyes, nearly round, rather prominent, smooth. Palpi, porrect, ascending, clothed with scales, 

 which are all short and appressed near the base, in part longer and hair-like towards tlie 

 apex, the second joint with a dorsal tuft. First joint subcylindric, much curved, short ; 

 second joint fully three times the length of the first, stout, considerably swollen beyond 

 the middle, then diminishing towards the apex, which is truncate ; third joint much longer than 

 the first, slender, elongate, conic, almost acicular. An/entice, about three-fourths the length 

 of the body, slender, terminating in a short, abrupt, obtuse club, grooved below. Thorax, 

 rather stout, oval, Abdomen, rather small, about two-thirds the length of the inner margin 

 of the wing. Forewing, nearly triangular ; the apex more or less truncate, sometimes 

 falcate. Costal margin sometimes but little curved, sometimes considerably arched ; outer 

 margin about two-thirds the length of the costa, emarginate ; inner margin equal in 

 length to the outer, straight. Costal nervitre rather strong, not extending beyond the 

 middle of the costa ;j«i5<r(7j^«/ nervure emitting its first and second branches close together, 

 a little before the end of the cell ; the third at a point rather less than half-way between 

 the origins of the second and fourth branches ; this last nearer to the third than to the 

 outer margin of the wing ; the third terminating at the apex. Upper disco-cellular nervule 

 very short ; viiddle disco-cellular about equal in length to one-third the width of the cell. DiS' 

 coidal cell almost always [always in Indian species] open, the lower disco-cellular nervule almost 

 always entirely wanting. Third wi^(//aw w^rz/^/^ considerably curved. Hindwing, rounded 

 or angular ; the anal angle often produced considerably. Costal margin not much curved ; 

 outer margin sinuate, more or less dentate, often produced into a tooth or short tail at 

 the termination of the third median nervule. Prwcostal nervure mostly bifid. Costal 

 nervure much curved near its origin. Discoidal nervule separating from the second subcostal 

 soon after its origin. Discoidal cell di\\\a.y5 open. Third median nervule not much curved. 

 Forelegs, of the jnale slender, clothed with scales and delicate hairs ; femur considerably 

 longer than the tibia ; tibia nearly cylindric, slightly slenderer towards the apex ; tarsus 

 one-jointed, nearly one-half the length of the tibia ; slender, subcylindric, sometimes 

 tapering towards the apex, which is not unfrequently truncate. Of the female rather small ; 

 fe/nur longer than the tibia; tibia subcylindric, smooth; tarsus as long as, or but little 

 shorter than, the tibia ; first joint cylindric, twice or three times the length of the rest 

 combined, with a spine on each side at the apex, and sometimes a few scattered spines 

 within ; second joint scarcely one-fifth, sometimes scarcely one-seventh, of the length of 

 the first; armed at the apex, as are the two following joints, with two spines; third, 

 fourth, and fifth joints very short, transverse, the fourth the shortest, the fifth sometimes broader 

 than the fourth ; all, as is also the second, furnished with a tuft of hairs on each side at the 



figs. C, D (1781) ; id., Herbst, Pap., pi. clxxv, figs. 1-4 (1794) \ Precis ida, Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. 

 Mus. E. L C., vol. i, p. 142, n. 289 (1857) ; id., Distant, Rhop. Malay., p. 92, n. 2, pi. xi, fig. 10, female (1882) ; 

 Apatura tragia, HUbner, Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 35, n. 295 (1816) ; Vanessa idamene, Godart, Enc. Me'th., 

 vol. ix, p. 315, n. 41 (i8ig). Habitat : Penang, Province Wellesley, Billiton, Java, Borneo. Celebes. 

 ExPANSK : 23 to 2'8 inches. Description :" MalH and femalb. Closely allied to /"r^ir/j iphita but paler 

 and more rufous both cbove and beneath. Upperside marked as in P. iphita, but the forewing having 

 a more or less well developed and distinct series of ocellated spots, placed between the nervules and 

 occupying the middle of the pale apical portion. Hiridwiitg with a very distinct and well developed 

 series of ocellated spots placed between the nervules, and continuous with those of the forewing. Underside 

 as in P. iphita, but paler and more rufous." (Distant, I.e.) May at once be known from P. iphita by the series 

 of ocelli on the upperside of the forewing, the tone of the ground-colour also is usually distinctly rufous or 

 ferruginous rather than brown. The ocelli of the forewing are, however, distinctly traceable on both sides 

 in many Indian specimens of P. iphita, especially on the underside. There are two pairs of this species 

 from Java collected by Dr. Horsfield in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Herr Snellin is of opinion that F. ida 

 and P. iphita may be but season.^1 forms of one species, which is by no means improbable in the localities wher« 

 both occur. 



