NYMPHALID/E. NYMPHALIN^. JUNONIA. 71 



348. Junonia hopfferi, Moschler. 



Precis hopf/eri, Moschler, Stettin Ent. Zeit., 1S72, p. -^yj ; Junonia hopf/eri, Kirby, Syn, Cat. Diurn. 

 Lep., p. 734 C1877;. 



Habitat : Sylhet. 



Expanse : 175 inches. 



Description : " Anlennis above brown-black, beneath golden-red ; club black with 

 golden-red extremity. Palpi golden, the last joint dark brown. Sternunt., underside of abdomen 

 and legs golden-white, upperside of abdomen and thorax with golden-brown pubescence." 



" The shape of the /orewint^ resembles that of Preeis [ Jiinonia'\ erigone [ the Javan form 

 of y. leinonias'^, but the hindwing is not angled as in several species of the genus. The ground- 

 colour of both wings on the upperside is of a clear golden-brown, as in many of the females 

 of Precis iphita, Cramer {ida, Cramer), but is shaded by a dark brown dusting, so that 

 it [the ground-colour] only appears in a triangular spot at the base of the discoidal cell, in 

 a narrow transverse spot at the end of the cell, in a narrow band behind the transverse series 

 of dark spots which crosses the middle of the wings, and in a broader band in front of the 

 margin. In the discoidal cell in front of the middle are two obliquely-placed round dark 

 brown spots with clear golden-brown centres ; behind these is a large misshapen kidney-like 

 spot surrounded with black. In the middle of the wings the dark dusting is bounded by a 

 series of dark brown transverse spots which enter angularly into the fourth cell. In front 

 of the light margin is placed a series of black-brown, round spots, of which the three upper 

 ones in the fifth, sixth, and eighth cells are only brown on the innerside, being otherwise 

 white, and of these the spot in the fifth cell approaches the margin, thereby dropping out 

 of the line of the others ; the lowest spot in the second cell is the largest and surrounded with 

 a fine golden-brown. Behind these spots runs through all the cells a series of broad lunular 

 spots, and behind this again runs a dark brown undulating streak following the margin which 

 runs in an angle into the fifth cell. The margin is narrowly black-brown in colour, but 

 marked finely with white externally between the veins. " 



'' On the underside the colouring is clearer, brownish ochre-gold, the light parts being al- 

 most reddish-gold ; the spots of the cell are encircled with fine black, the series of dark spots 

 through the middle of the wings lighter brown and less distinct on the margin are bordered 

 with white violet-red spots on the forming in cells one b and two, also in cells five and six, and in 

 the hindwing in all the cells. The dark bands of the upperside between these spots and the clear 

 margin appear narrower in the forewing, almost resolved into flecks ; of the round spots imme- 

 diately behind these the one in the second cell is black bordered, those in the fourth, fifth, sixth, 

 and eighth cells are white bordered, and only the three lowest on the underside are bordered 

 with faint brown, the spot in the third cell is a mere point. " 



"On the hindwing this band is still more disintegrated, and of the dark spots only the 

 one in the second cell is visible ; it is deep black, on the side towards the margin with a 

 fine white centre. The series of lunulated spots, as also the undulating streak in front of 

 the margin, is a lighter reddish-brown, the border between the two on the forewing in cells 

 five and one b, and the hindwing in all the cells being tinged with pale violet-red. The margin 

 itself is scarcely darker. Two females from Sylhet." (Moschler, I. c.) 



I can make nothing out of this species, and can trace no resemblance between it and 

 any species of the genera Precis or Junonia known to me. 



349- Juaoaia llierta, Fabricius. (Plate XX, Fig. 94 ^ ? ). 



Papilio hterta, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., Suppl., p. 424, n. 281-2 (1798) ; Vanessa hierta, Godart, Enc. 

 Meth., vol. ix, p. 3181 n. 52 (1819); Junonia hierta, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p.. 505, n. 11 ; 

 /. hiette, idem, id., 1885, p. 128, n. 25 ; Papilio cenone, Cramer, (nee Linnaeus), Pap. Ex., vol. i> pi. xxxv, figs. 

 A, '&, female ; C, viale (1775); id., Fabricius, Ent. Syst., vol. iii, part i, p. go, n. 280 (1793) ; id., Herbst, 

 Naturs. Schmett., vol. vii, p. 163, n. 61, pi. clxxviii, figs, i, 2, female; 3, 4, tnale (1794) ; Cynthia cenone, Dono- 

 van, Ins. China (new edition), p. 66, pi. xxxvi, fig. i, tnale (1842) ; Junonia ocnone, Hiibner, Verz. bek. 

 Schmett., p. 34, n. 291 (i8i6) ; id., Butler, Cat. Fab. Lep. B. M., p. 72, n. 3 (1869) ; id., Moore, Lep. Cey , 

 vol. i, p. 42, pi. xxii, figs. 3. male ; ^a, female {18S1) ; id,, Forsayeth, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 383. 



