72 NYMPHALID^. NYMPHALINiE. JUNONIA. 



Habitat : India, Ceylon, Burma, Andamans, China. 



Expanse : 175 to 27 inches. 



Description: "Male. Upperside black, /i^r^z^z/w^ with a broad medial ochveous [yellow] 

 patch, extending from the base to beyond the disc, and thence narrowed and bent down- 

 ward J two short paler ochreous streaks before the apex. Hindwing black, with a large 

 broad subanal ochreous [yellow] patch, and a large distinct blue subbasal spot- 

 Underside, forewing pale ochreous-brown ; medial patch paler ochreous and suffused 

 outwardly, crossed by black discoidal lines ; two black discal spots. Hindwing with basal 

 half greyish-ochreous ; discal area pale ochreous, crossed with brown lunular lines, a medial 

 fascia, and discal row of small brown spots. Female. Upperside, forewing dark ochreous- 

 brown, with the ochreous [yellow] patch paler, shortened basally, and crossed by two black lines 

 on middle of the cell, and a broader disco-cellular band ; a black upper ocellus and a larger 

 lower discal ocellus. Hindiving with a very small upper and lower discal ocellus, and two 

 marginal lunular ochreous lines." {Moore., 1. c) Underside as in the male. 



Colonel A. M. Lang records that the larva feeds on Barleria prionites.* Surgeon-Major 

 Forsayeth states that it is " precisely similar to that of y. orithyia, but without the orange tip on 

 tail. Pupa also identical in shape and markings." 



This species has hitherto been known as y. oenone, Linnasus, but reluctant as I am to 

 upset nomenclature that has been for many years in universal use, I fear this identification 

 cannot be maintained. The following is a translation of Linnaeus' original detailed description 

 of his Papilio cenone, 



P. cenone. "Upperside. /v/-^w/«^ blackish, a white fascia, transverse, interrupted, with two 

 white spots towards the apex, a ferruginous ocellus with blue pupil beyond the fascia, two 

 ferruginous lines near the outer margin : hindwing blackish, with the margin whitish, divided 

 by a black line, a large blue spot in the middle of the disc, two ferruginous ocelli within the 

 outer margin. Underside. Foretuing with interrupted white fascia undulated with ferru- 

 ginous and blue towards the base ; fuscous in the middle. Hindiving clouded greyish." 

 {Linncetcs, Mus. Lud. Ulr., p. 274). 



To this he appends a description of what he calls a variety of anone, of which the 

 following is a translation. " Varittas cenones. Upperside, /?/^z«»;^ with the margin black, two 

 pale unequal spots within the apex, the disc yellow margined with fulvous. Hindiving with 

 the margin black, the disc yellow margined with fulvous, the base more broadly black, in 

 the middle of which is a large ovate sericeous blue spot. Underside, forewing pale yellow, 

 clouded with fuscescent ; a minute black blind ocellus within the apex, a larger black blind 

 ocellus on the disc. Hindiving concolourous with the forewing, an obsolete dot in a paler 

 space." (Linnaiis, Mus. Lud. Ulr., p. 275). 



The description of P. anone not only omits all mention of the yellow on the upperside 

 which is so marked a feature of the species we are dealing with, and specifies the existence of 

 a white fascia which is absent, but it corresponds with an African insect of the genus which 

 was subsequently figured by Cramer as P. clelia,i and has hitherto stood under that name ; this 

 name must give place to Linnteus' name, and the African species hitherto known as y. clelia 

 stands as y. cenone, Linnaeus. The description of the " varietas cenones" on the other hand, 

 answers almost exactly to a species from Aden, Abyssinia, &c., closely allied to the present 

 species, which has been separated by Trimen under the name y. cebrene,X this name will 

 stand since Linnaeus, although he correctly described it, confounded it with his y. anone, 

 and gave it no separate name. 



In 1798, Fabricius described under the name of Papilio hierta a variety of the Indian species 

 in which the blue spot on the hindwing is absent. A translation of his description is given below. 



• Ent. Month. Mag., vol. i, p. 132 (1864-65). 

 t Pap. E.\., vol. i, pi. xxi, figs. E, F (1775). 

 i Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud., 1870, p. 353. 



