NYMPHALIDiE. NYMPHALIN^. JUNONIA. 73 



P. hierta. Female. " Wings denticulate, luteous, with the margin black, both wings with 

 two ocelli, hind wing fuscous at the base. Inhabits the East Indies." 



" Shaped like and nearest allied to P, omone* of which I have formerly believed it 

 to be a variety, but it seems distinct. Body fuscous. Both wings yellow with the margin 

 more sinuate, fuscous, the hinder margin fuscous, narrow. Two ocelli on each wing, the 

 hinder one larger in the forewing. Hindvving fuscous at the base. Underside of the forevving 

 concolourous, of the hind wing ashy, densely striated with fuscons, four ocellate dots." ( Fabricius, 

 Ent. Syst., Suppl., p. 424). 



This variety, which lacks the blue spot at the base of the hindwing on the upperside, occurs 

 both in Africa (as pointed out by Mr. Trimen) and in the Indo-Chinese and Malayan regions, 

 is inseparable from the normal form, and the Indian species known hitherto under the name 

 of J. cenoite, Linnaeus, and figured as such by Cramer, Donovan, Moore, &c., must stand as 

 y. kierta, Fabricius. This rectification was first pointed out by Mr. Kirby in his Syn. Cat. Diurn. 

 Lep., p. 648 ; and it has been adopted by Colonel Swinhoe, but by no other author that I 

 am aware of. Dr. Aurivillius, in his critical examinationt of the Linnsean descriptions, comes to 

 the conclusion that J. cenone, Linnaeus, should stand as J. clelia, Cramer ; and that the variety 

 anones, Linnreus, should stand as y. cenone, Linnoeus, of which he gives J, hierta, Fabricius, 

 as a variety ; but I cannot adopt this conclusion. 



y. hierta in India presents some considerable variation according to the humidity or 

 dryness of the atmospheric conditions under which it exists, but these variations cannot be 

 maintained as distinct species, as no hard and fast line can be drawn between them. Some 

 male specimens from Kulu and Simla in the Western Himalayas, Sikkim, Calcutta, Orissa, the 

 Wynaad, and Ceylon show no costal indentation of the yellow patch on the upperside of the 

 forewing, others from Karachi, Kulu, Simla, Calcutta, Shillong, Upper Tenasserim, and the 

 Andamans have a distinct black tooth, which is most prominent in a specimen from Buxa, 

 Bhutan ; in all of these the black inner margin of the forewing on the upperside gives off a 

 projection into the first median interspace, while in examples from Karachi, Simla, Buxa, 

 Calcutta, Shillong, Sibsagar, Rangoon and Upper Burma this projection assumes the form of 

 a more or less separate and distinct spot. The width of the marginal black band on the 

 upperside of the forewing is also variable ; and lastly specimens from Bhutan and Upper Assam 

 are very large and heavily marked, owing probably to the greater rainfall of those regions. 



This species has a very wide range, occurring at Karachi, thence throughout India, 

 Ceylon and the Andamans to Burma and again in China. It delights in the sun, and to 

 disport itself in the hottest and driest situations. 



The figure (incorrectly named Jimonia cenone on the plate) shows the upperside of a 

 male and a female example from Sibsagar in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 



350- Junonia Oritliyia, Linnaeus, 



Papilio oritya, Linnaeus, Mus. Ulr., p. 278, n. 96 (1764) ; P. orithya, id., Syst. Nat., ed. x, p. 473, n 94 

 (1758) ; idem, id., ed. xii, vol. i, pt. 2, p. 770, n. 137 (1767) ; id., Cramer, Pap. E.\., vol. i, pi. xix, figs. C, D, 

 female ; pi. xxxii, figs. E, F, mate (1775) ; idem, id., vol. iv, pi. ccxc, figs. A, B, mate (1780); id., Herbst, Pap., 

 pi. clxxvii, fig 7, mate; 5, 6, /e mate (1794) ; Cynthia orUliya, Donovan's Ins. China (new edition), p. 64, pi. 

 XXXV, fig. 2,/emate (1842) ; Vanessa orittiya, Godart, Enc. Meth., vol. ix, p. 317, n. 48 (i8ig) ; Suppl., p. 821 

 (1823) ; id., Lucas, Lep. Ex., p. 113, pi. Ix, fig. i (1845); yuuonia orittiya, Hiibner, Verz bek Schmett , p. 34, 

 n. 286 (1816) ; id., Butler, Cat. Fab. Lep. B. M., p. 73, n. 5 (1869) ; id., Moore, Lep. Cey., vol. i, p. 41, pi. xxii, 

 figs. I, mate ; ta, female; ib, tarva s.nd^u/a (1881) ; Junonia oritliyia, Doubleday and Hewitson, Gen. Diurn. 

 Lep., vol. i, p. 209. n. 8 (1849) ! '<i > Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E. L C, vol. i, p. 141, n. 285, pi, v, 

 figs. 5, /rtr7/a, sa, /?!:/« (1857) ; id., Forsayeth, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 382 ; id., Butler, Ann. and 

 Mag. of Nat. Hist-, fifth series, vol. xvi, p. 308, n. 60 (1885) ; /. swinhoei, idem, id., p. 309. 



Habitat : India, Ceylon, Burma, China. 

 Expanse : i'4 to 2'3S inches. 



* Referring here to the present species figured as P. cenone by Cramer : and not to the true P. cenont 

 of Linnaeus. 



t Published in 1882 iu Kong. Svens, Vet.-Akad. Handlingar, vol. xix, part i, p. 80. 



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