io8 NVMPHALID.E. NYMPIIALIN/E. CIRRIIOCIIROA. 



Larva with two dorsal series of long and two lateral series of shorter delicately-l)ranched 

 spines, also a similar spine projecting on each side in front of the head from the second segment. 

 Pupa bluish-purple marked with black, head ending in two points, two long spines projecting 

 from the back of the thorax in front of the head, a hump on the back of the thorax, wliicb, 

 with the abdominal segments above, bear pairs of spines. 



"This genus has a singular character on the hindwing of the male [it occurs in both 

 sexes], Between the third subcostal [discoidalj and third median nervule, the upper surface 

 of the wing is marked by a transverse depression, extending nearly, or quite, across the space 

 between the nervules, causing a corresponding elevation of the lower surface, which, but for 

 its breadth, might be mistaken for the indication of a disco-cellular nervule." (^Doubleday, 

 1. c.) In one species only, C, fasciata, the male has distinct secondary sexual characters, viz., 

 on theforewing on either side of the discoidal nervules from their origin rather more than half 

 •way to the margin and also on the first and second subcostal nervules of the hindwing on the 

 ttpperside, there is a narrow streak of modified ochreous scales, which gives this portion of 

 those veins the appearance of a feather of which the vein itself is the shaft, and the scales the 

 barb. Typically they are fulvous or tawny insects with the outer margin black, and with a 

 discal and three marginal sinuous black lines, the hindwing also has a discal series of six black 

 spots ; on the underside there is always a more or less prominent pale discal band from middle 

 of costa of forewing to anal angle of hindwing, and the black marginal lines are replaced by 

 yellow or olivaceous. 



" In some species, as in C, aoris, the sexes differ widely in appearance, the female being of 

 a more obscure and duller colour above. This, however, is not the rule with the majority of 

 the species of the genus." {Distant, \. c.) In C, olivacea the difference in the colouration 

 of the opposite sexes is even more marked than in C aoris. Except in C. fasciata, which is 

 an altogether aberrant form, the females differ also in having the outer margin of the forewing 

 much more emarginate than in the males ; this featnre is most prominent in the South Indian 

 aud Ceylon species. 



Cirrhochroa is somewhat widely distributed ; it occurs in the Eastern Himalayas, in 

 Eastern and Peninsular India, Ceylon, the Andamans and Nicobars, throughout Assam, Burma, 

 the Malay peninsula and islands to New Guinea and Australia. Many of the species are 

 very plentiful where they occur, are strong and very conspicuous on the wing, but frequently 

 settle, often in swarms, on a damp spot in the hills. Many of them are very closely allied, and 

 their specific determination and range by no means easily determined. The distinctness or 

 otherwise of many of the described species is still uncertain and can only be determined by 

 experimental breeding. 



Key to tlie Indian species of Cirrhocliroa.. 



A. Males without secondary sexual characters. 



a. Male with apex of forewing truncate. 



a'. Male with outer margin of forewing narrowly black, female with prominent series of 

 ochreous lunules on outer margin of forewing on upperside. 



403. C. AORIS, Eastern Himalayas, Cachar, Sylhet, Assam. 



404. C. ABNORMis, Sikkim. 



^'. Male and female with outer margin of forewing broadly black, female without the 

 series of prominent ochreous lunules on outer margin of forewing on upperside . 



405. C. OLIVACEA, Upper Tenasserim, 

 I. Male with apex of forewing rounded. 



a'. Inner edge of discal band of forewing on underside not constricted at lower discoidal 

 and first median nervules. 

 «-. Colouration of upperside of male fulvous, female brownish-odweous. 



«■■'. Apex of forewing on upperside of male broadly black, discal black 

 spots on hindwing very large. 



406. C. NicOBARici, Nicobars. 



b^. Apex of forewing on upperside of male narrowly black, discal black 

 spots on hindwing small. 

 «*. Discal band on underside of forewing much wider at costa, 

 tapering to inner margin. 



407. C. SURVA, Upper Tenasserim, 



