Ii8 NYMPHALID^. NYMPHALIN^. CIRRHOCHROA. 



spines, a similar spine projecting on each side of the head from second segment. Pupa pale 

 bluish-purple, spotted with black, with lengthened dorsal tubercles and two longer tubercular 

 processes projecting from front of thorax ; head cleft." {Moore, 1. c.) 



The above description is that of C. coonata, Mr. Moore does not state what sex he is de- 

 scribing, but from the outline of the wings he has evidently figured a male. He also records C. 

 thais from Ceylon and describes both sexes as below, but figures a female only. 



'* Male and female. Upperside pale ferruginous, glossed with green at the base. Fore- 

 7vifij; with a prominent medial transverse black line, which is oblique and zigzag in front of the 

 cell and lunular hindvvard ; exterior margin broadly ferruginous-black and traversed by a ferru- 

 ginous sinuous line; a dusky streak lining the disco-cellular nervules. Hirnhvin^ with a large 

 quadrate white spot on anterior margin, from which proceeds a medial transverse black lunular 

 line ; a discal row of six small black spots, two submarginal lunular lines and a third outer 

 line. Underside pale olive-brown in male, ferruginous-brown in female ; with a transverse 

 medial irregularly dentated purple-white glossy band on both wings, the outer margin of the 

 band being straight and the dentations disappearing towards the anal angle of hindwing ; a 

 transverse row of black spots on hindwing smaller than on the upperside ; marginal lunular 

 lines indistinct and suffused with glaucous-purple. Expanse: $, 275; 9 , 2'25 inches." 

 {_Moore, 1. c.) The above given dimension for the female is probably incorrect, that sex averages 

 larger than the male, 



I have but little doubt that the descriptions above of C. cognata and C. thais apply to one 

 species only, as it appears from the former that Mr. Moore was unaware of the fact that the 

 falcation of the forewing is a sexual and not a specific character in this group of Cirrhochroas, 

 and I can find no character by which to separate the Ceylon specimens into two species, 



C. cognata, judging from the large number of specimens that have been sent me, is 

 by far the commonest species of the genus occurring in Ceylon. It is recorded (of C. thais) 

 that it have been " taken at Galle and Kandy" ( Wade'), and (of C. cognata) that it is 

 " a low country insect, found chiefly in the mitnox^^ (Mackiuood). The males have the discal 

 band of the underside usually quite as obscure as in C. lanka, but with the inner edge highly 

 irregular and dentate, and the black outer border of both wings on the upperside very broad. 

 The female is paler ferruginous than the male, the discal black line on the upperside much more 

 distinct, the costal white spot of the hindwing much larger and quadrate ; on the underside the 

 discal band is always wider and more prominent, but is somewhat variable ; in some specimens 

 it is comparatively obscure, in others very prominent and highly dentate, in others again less 

 prominent and its inner edge more regular, but always far less regular than in the same sex of 

 C. lanka. The outer edge of the discal band is usually defined by a purple line, which in 

 some examples is outwardly broadened out into a diffused band, 



415- Cirrhochroa swinhoei, Butler. 



Cirrochroa swinhoei, Butler, Proc. Zool. Poc. Lond., 18S1, p. 604, n. 8. 



Habitat : Nilgiris, Wynaad, Trevandrum, Ceylon. 



Expanse : 2'2 to 2-9 inches. 



Description: "Female. Allied to C. «■/;«« of Ceylon, but of a clear bright fulvous 

 colour above, almost as bright as in C. aoris and C- mithila, the fomving more falcate than in 

 C. thais, the inner or discal zigzag line less strongly defined and more completely separated 

 into <- shaped markings, the very irregular series just beyond the cell considerably more 

 slender. Hindzving with all the markings less pronounced. Body considerably paler, the 

 horax pale greenish. Underside stone-colour, with greenish and flesh-coloured tints, 

 the basal area to the middle being flesh-coloured, the discal lines and outer borders washed 

 with pale olivaceous ; the band across the middle rather paler than the ground-colour, but 

 not white or silvery in the type specimen ; a diffused double pearly white spot at apex of 

 forewing. /"^^//^ whitish ; %j flesh-coloured." QBut/er, I c.) 



I possess three males and four females from the Nilgiris, one male from the Wynaad, two 

 males and one female from Travancore, and three females from Ceylon which I identify as 

 belonging to this species. The colouration of all of them on the upperside is very pale fulvous, 



