NYMPIIALID^. NYMPH ALIN.E. HVPOLIMNAS. 123 



419 Hypolimnas bolina, LimuTus. 



Pnffilio bolina, Linnaeus. Syst. Nat., ed. x, p. 479,0. 124 (1758) ; Idem, id., Mus. Ulr , p. 295, n. 113 

 (1764); idem, id., Syst. Nat., ed. xii, vol i, pt. 2, p. 781, n. i88 (1767 1 ; id., Clerck, Icones Ins., vol. ii, pi. xxi, 

 fig. 2, Mtale (1764) ; id , Fabricius, Syst, Ent., p. 507, n. 269 (1775) : Diadema bolina, Wallace, Trans. Ent. Soc. 

 Lond , 1869, p. 278, n. I, part \ Hypolimnas bolina, Kirby, Syn, Cat. Diiirn. Lep , p. 224, n. i (1871), part ; id.j 

 Distant, Rhop. Malay., p. 165, n. i, pi. xii, figs. 10, 12, male ; pi. xv, fig. 12, female (1883) ; Apalura bolina. 

 Moore, Lep. Cey., vol. i, p. 58, pi, xxx, fig. i, male ; i*. larva and fnpa (1881) ; Pafiilio aiige, Cramer, Pap Ex.. 

 vol. ii, pi. cic. figs A, B, male (1777); Diadema auge, Horsfield and Moore. Cat. Lep Mus. E. I.C , vol, t, p. 

 158, n. 328, pi. V, figs. 9, /,.r^'a; 9(1, /?//,! (1857); P.jacintha. Drury Ex. Ent., vol. ii, pi. xxi, figs, i, z female 

 (i773»; id , Donovan, Ins. China, pi. xxivii, fig. i, female (1798); id., Fabricius, Ent. Sy.Nt.. vol. iii, pt i. p. 60, n. 

 187 (1793) ; Apatittajaciniha, Moore, Lep. Cey., p. 58, pi. xxx, fig. ia. female fi88i); Papilio avia, Fabricius, 

 Ent. Syst., vol. iii, pt. i, p. iii, n. 342 (1793) ; Hypolimnas charybdis, Butler, Cist. Ent., vol. ii, p. 432 (1883). 



Habitat : Throughout India, Ceylon, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Malay peninsula, 

 Siam, Sumatia, Java, Australia. 



Expanse : t? , 2-5 to 43; 9 , 2-9 to 4-8 inches. 



DkscriptioM : " Male. Upperside very dark indigo-blue. Foraohi^ W\\h. a l.irge elongate 

 and macular white spot at [beyond] end of cell, margined with bright bluish, commencing near the 

 upper discoidal nervule and terminating near the second median nervule ; two or three small sub- 

 apical white spots divided by the fourth and fifth subcostal nervules ; and sometimes followed 

 by a few minute submarginal whitish spots placed between the nervules. Hindwing with a 

 large medial white spot, broadly and irregularly surrounded by pale bluish, which commences 

 on lower half of cell, and is bounded by the upper subcostal and the first median nervules; 

 a series of minute and frequently subobsolete submarginal white spots placed between the 

 nervules. Cilia of both wings alternately white. Underside dark olivaceous-brown. Foiewiii" 

 with the white markings as above, but with the large macular spot at [beyond] end of cell almost 

 extending to costa, not prominently margined with bluish, and followed by a small pale spot be- 

 neath the second median nervule ; submarginal spots distinct, one on each side of first median 

 nervule largest and bluish ; a pale lunulate submarginal fascia and a similar but more linear 

 marginal fascia, which are almost obsolete above the lower discoidal nervule ; basal half of costal 

 area minutely irrorated with greyish ; cell with three upper small and irregular white spots more 

 or less surrounded with dark fuscous. Hind-ving with a broad medial whitish fascia, com- 

 mencing near upper subcostal nervule, where it is preceded by a subcostal spot, and terminatint* 

 near anal angle (this fascia is variable both in size and shape) ; a submarginal series of small 

 bluish white spots placed between the nervules, followed by a submarginal series of greyish 

 subconical spots placed in pairs between the nervules ; marginal linear lunular spots as on 

 forewing. Ciha as above. Body above dark indigo-blue, the head marked with a few pale 

 spots ; body beneath and legs more or less concolourous with wings ; the palpi beneath white, 

 the lejrs beneath more or less greyish, and the abdomen and thorax with a few whitish spots. 

 Female. Upperside dark olivaceous-brown. Forewing vi'iih. a few small bluish subcostal 

 spots above cell ; a transverse blue macular fascia beyond end of cell (corresponding to the 

 white fascia of malel ; a submarginal series of white spots placed between the nervules, the 

 two uppermost of which are largest and contiguous, followed by a submarginal and marginal 

 series of waved and linear greyish spots, between which the colour is somewhat paler. Hindwitig 

 with a submarginal series of greyish spots placed between the nervules, followed by a series of 

 subconical spots of the same colour, which are placed conjointly in pairs between the nervules; 

 marginal spots as on forewing, but more lunulate. Cilia of both wings alternately greyish. 

 Underside brownish ochraceous. /^t7;vje.?M^ with the marginal and submarginal markings as 

 above, the macular fascia at [beyond] end of cell subobsolete and greyish ; the basal half of wing 

 is pale castaneous, with the costal area and cell marked as in male. Hind-mug with the marginal 

 and submarginal markings as above, and the middle crossed by a faint greyish fascia more or 

 less corresponding to that on the wings of the male." (^Distant, 1. c.) 



" Larva purple-brown, he.id armed with two long erect branched spines, the segments with 

 a dorsal row of three {two only on the anterior and posterior segments) long branched red 

 spines, and three lateral rows of spines. Pupa thick, purple-brown, blotched with black ; ab- 

 dominal segments with stout pointed dorsal tubercles ; head obtuse, pointed in front, thora< 

 angular at top." (^Moore, I.e. in Lep. Cey.) Surgeon-Mnjor Forsajeth found the "larva 



