NYiMPIIALID^. NYMPHALIN/E. ARGYNNIS. 133 



Male: Upperside, both luings rich fulvous marked with blade. Foteiving with two 

 narrow sinuous lines across the middle of the cell, a spot beyond touching the subcostal but 

 not reaching the median nervure, and two spots at the end, the lower the larger ; a twice- 

 angled discal series of rounded spots, a spot below the origin of the fourth and fifth subcostal 

 nervules, two submarginal series of rounded spots, a submarginal broad and marginal narrow 

 Hue. On either side of the submedian nervure and the first and second median nervules for 

 a portion of their length are placed raised modified blackish scales. Hindwing with a streak 

 at the end of the cell, a discal angular series of six spots beyond the cell, an inner submarginal 

 series of five round spots, another series of eight spots beyond, becoming somewhat lunular 

 towards the anal angle ; marginal lines as on the forewing. The outer margin from about the 

 discoidal nervule increasingly to the anal angle and ascending the abdominal margin for a 

 short distance is bluish-greenish, which constitutes the most prominent feature of this species. 

 Underside, _/&r^w«^ red, almost crimson in freshly emerged specimens, the apex at first 

 ochreous, then greenish, crossed by two silvery lines ; other markings as above, but more 

 prominent. Hindwing rich shining greenish ochreous, crossed by numerous silvery lines and 

 bands, defined on one or both sides with black. A subbasal band from the costa to the 

 median nervure, below which is an annulated spot, a band from the subcostal to the median ner- 

 vure crossing the middle of the cell, the disco-cellulars defined with a silveiy line, another band 

 from the subcostal nervure to the discoidal nervule where it merges into a broad discal band from 

 the costa to the anal angle, from whence it extends up the abdominal margin ; the internal and 

 submedian nervures and the first median nervule all broadly defined with silvery till they 

 meet a cross silvery band which extends from the internal nervure to the third median nervule, 

 where it becomes merged in the discal band ; beyond this latter band is a series of obscure 

 dusky spots with ochreous centres, a submarginal line, and two marginal ones divided by a 

 fiae black line, a similar black line on the margin. Cilia of the forewing fulvous, of the 

 hindwing white tipped with black at the ends of the nervules. Head and body thickly 

 clothed with fulvous hairs. Female differs from the male only in the ground-colour of the 

 UPPERSIDE being much duller, dusky-ochreous instead of rich fulvous. No raised modified 

 scales on the upperside of the forewing along the veins. 



A. childnni is the finest species of the genus occurring in India, probably in the world. 

 It attains its largest size and greatest richness of colouring at Shillong, the species becoming 

 smaller and less brightly coloured the further west it extends. I have taken it in 

 Kashmir Kulu, Simla and Sikkim ; it occurs in Masuri, Kumaon, Nepal, Shillong, the Khasi 

 Hills and Munipur, and it was obtained by the Yunan expedition. Colonal Lang states 

 that 'it is " a North- West Himalayan species, frequenting grassy slopes near woods, open 

 copses and gardens, 7,000 to 10,000 feet elevation. Flight bold and very fast. Affects Com- 

 positce and Cruciferce. Not a very common species. " 



424. Argynnis pandora, wien. Verz. 



Papilio pandora, Wien. Verz., p. 176, n. i (1776) ; id., Hubner. Eur. Schmett., vol. i, figs. 71, 72 (1793, 1794) ; 

 figs 606, 607 (1800-1823) ; P. cynam, Fabricius, Gen. Ins., p. 266(1777); id., Herbst, Pap., pi. cclxi, figs, i, 

 2, ,nak'; 3, 4,/<;"taU {1798) ; Ar^yfmis cynara, Godcirt, Enc. Meth., vol. ix, p. 269, n. 29 (1819) ; PaMo 

 iiiaja (r'ect'e maia), Cramer, Pap. Ex., vol. i, pi. xxv, figs. B, C, female (1775). 



Habitat : South-Eastern Germany, South Europe, Algeria, Western Asia, Gilgit, 

 Expanse : 2-25 to 2-90 inches. 



Description : Male, Upperside greenish fulvous. Foreiving with a pair of black 

 bars crossing the cell near its middle, another broader pair at its outer end, with an oblique 

 black line johiing them ; a discal much angled band, a diffused subcostal spot, a series of 

 seven even rounded spots, two submarginal series of oval spots, the outer series touching each 

 other on the interspaces, the first and second median nervules for a portion of their length in 

 the middle of the wing clothed witli upright modified scales, which form a prominent ridge 

 aloncr that portion of the nervules. Hindioing more greenish, the disco-cellulars marked with 

 a duplex black line, a discal irregular somewhat lunulated line from the costal nervure to 



