134 NYMPHALIDiE. NYMPHALIN^. ARGYNNIS. 



the first median nervule, a series of five round spots beyond, a series of seven submarginal 

 spots, the three anterior ones rounded, the rest lunular, a marginal series of joined lunules. 

 Undekside, /c;/vrw/^rosy red, the costa, apex broadly and outer margin decreasingly to anal 

 angle pale yellow, the black spots at the apex on the upperside greenish on the underside, other 

 markings as above, but more prominent. Hindiuing deep green ; the costal lobe, a spot 

 within from the base of the prsccostal along the costal nervure, a curved spot from the costal 

 nervure to the point where the first subcostal nervule is given off, inwardly defined with black, 

 a similar spot towards the end of the cell (all these spots often more or less wanting), a 

 discal irregular somewhat narrow band, inwardly defined with black towards the costa, a series 

 of five minute spots placed on round diffused fulvous patches, and a submarginal narrow line, 

 all silvery, Female. Upperside darker than in the male, all the markings more prominent. 

 Underside also with the markings more prominent, especially the silvery ones on the hind- 

 wing. All the cilia fulvous. 



I am indebted to Mr. J. F. Duthie for a single male specimen of this species taken by a 

 native botanical collector attached to Colonel Lockhart's mission, probably near Gilgit, on 

 the north-eastern frontier of Kashmir. It has already been recorded from Turkestan,* and 

 from Kouklja.t The species should be known by its oldest name, /4. wa?<z, as Cramer de- 

 scribed it a year in advance of Schiffermiiller in the Wiener Verzeichniss, but as it has almost 

 uniformly been known as A. pandora, I have retained that name- 



425. Argyanis kamala, Moore. 



A. kamala, Moore, Horsfield and Moore, Cap. Lep. Mus. E. I. C, vol. i. p. 156, n. 324 (1857) ; id., Moore, 

 Proc. Zooi. Soc Lond., 1874, p. 267, n. 20 ; A. cnidia, Felder, Reise Nov., Lep., vol. iii, p. 392, n, 574, pi. 1, figs. 

 5, 6, male (1867). 



Habitat : Western Himalayas. 

 Expanse : 270 to 2•Z^ inches. 



Description : " Upperside golden-yellow ; forewing somewhat dusky at the base, hind- 

 win<T tinged in parts with yellowish-green. Forewing with all the veins and veinlets deeply 

 defined with black ; the black markings disposed exactly as in A, paphia [the " Silver- 

 washed Fritillary" of England] but larger and duller, and in A . kamala the submarginal row 

 of spots are less defined and continuous, rather forming a stripe than a linear series of spots ; 

 the marginal row is connected between the veinlets by a narrow line. Hindiuing with an 

 irregular zigzag inner black band, then a row of five round black spots, and a submarginal row 

 of seven linear-shaped spots (the anterior and third being smallest), also a marginal black 

 line ; the angles and end of veinlets also black. Underside, forewing yellow, the markings 

 within discoidal cell and about the disc as above, but the submarginal row paler ; none on mar- 

 gin ; near the apex a green patch, containing three silvery-white spots. Hindiviitg beautiful 

 metallic green, with a broad submarginal and inner band, and a series of marks about the basal 

 half silvery- white, all margined more or less on one side with black ; between the submarginal 

 and inner band some small spaces of yellow, and an indistinct row of reddish spots. Wings 

 shaped as in A. paphia^ (Moore, 1. c.) The female has the base and inner margin of the 

 forewing and all but the anterior margin of the hindwing on the upperside thickly powdered 

 with dull green, the markings are similar to those of the male. 



This is a much smaller species than A. childreni; the colouring of the upperside is dusky 

 ochreous like the female of that species, the outer margin of the hindwing concolourous with 

 the rest of the wing, not greenish-bluish as in A. childreni. On the upperside of the forewing 

 in the male the first and second median nervules only have the raised modified scales. The 

 hindwing is much less deeply scalloped than in A. childreni. It is a fairly common species in 

 Chini, Kulu and the Simla district in the late summer. Mr. Moore records it from Kashmir, 

 where I found it the commonest species of the genus in June. Colonel Lang remarks that 

 A. kamala is "abundant throughout a tract of 120 miles, at an altitude of 6,000 to 10,000 



* Erschoffs Lep. Turkestan, p. 17, n. 54 (1874). 



t Alphe'r<iky, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., vol. xvi, p. 412, n. 82 (1881). 



