NYMPHALID.^. NYMPHALIN.E. ARGYNNIS. 135 



feet, in the summer and autumn months, in the Simla district and Lower Kunawur. It affects 

 open glades and the borders of forests, pitching on low shrubs, brambles, and banks of thyme, 

 thistles, scabious heads, &c." Mr. W. Doherty took it in the Pindari Valley in North- West 

 Kumaon at 8,000 feet elevation. 



Dr. Felder has described A. cnidia as a distinct species ; it appears however to be only 

 A. kamala. His description is appended.* 



426. Argynais jaiaadeva, Moore. 



A. j/iiHodeva, Moore, Ent. Month. Mag., vol. i, p. 131, note (1864) ; idem, id., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond , 

 1865, p. 495, n. 63, pi. XXX, fig. i ; idem, id., Scien. Res. Second Yarkand Mission, Lep,, p. 2, n. 8 ; id., Butler, 

 Ent. Month. Mag., vol. xxi, p. 66 (1884). 



Habitat : Upper Kunawar, Kulu, Kashmir, Ladak. 



Expanse: ^, 175 to 2 -So; ?, 2-00 to 3-00 inches. 



Description: "Male. Upperside rich fulvous; markings black. Fortwiiig with 

 four discoidal streaks, the fourth double and closing the cell ; a transverse discal series of 

 narrow lunulated spots irregularly disposed, but each joined to the other by being continued 

 in a line on the vein ; a small suffused spot before the apex ; a second discal series of round 

 spots, a submarginal row of lunules, and a double marginal line. Hindwing with a double 

 mark closing the cell ; an irregular transverse discal series of lunules ; a second discal series 

 of three round spots and an upper intermediate dot ; a submarginal row of well-defined 

 lunules, and a double marginal line. Cilia pale fulvous yellow. Underside, forewing pale 

 fulvous, greenish yellow apically ; markings as above, except that those at the apex and 

 the marginal line are pale green, the inner apical spaces being silvery white. Bindwing pale 

 green, yellowish across the disc and along exterior margin, basal and a transverse discal 

 series of spots, and a marginal row of lunules, silvery white, those of the two former 

 more or less with a black border, the latter bordered by a black marginal line ; a few 

 rufous-brown spots outside the discal series. Female of a deeper colour; markings the 

 same, but larger." 



" This species is allied to A. clara, Blanchard." {Moore, 1. c. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.) 

 •' Aote.—Very common in Upper Kunawur ; not appearing in Lower Kunawur. This is 

 a companion to /4. /&a;«a/^, but only for some twenty miles of its furthest northern range, 

 appearing first on the meadows of " Chini," 10,000 feet elevation, the finest village of Kunawur ; 

 this and the next ten miles appear its head-quarters. I caught it, however, far to the eastward, 

 on the bare, treeless, shrubless regions of the Zungcham river, in Tibet (an affluent of the 

 Spiti). It flies from May to November." (Colonel A. M- Lang, R E., 1. c.) 



" Mr. Elvves has frequently urged upon me the importance of the expanded fusiform 

 patches upon the median branches in the males of many species of Aigymiis, as probably 

 constant and therefore valuable characters for the determination of otherwise nearly allied 

 forms ; in this opinion I have no doubt he is right, and therefore I do not hesitate to regard 

 Argynnis adippe\ (the male of which has two such patches on the foievving) as perfectly distinct 

 from A.jainadeva, in which these patches have not been developed." {Butler, 1. c.) 



* Argynnis cnidia, Felder. Habitat: Kulu, Pangi. Expanse : 2*7 inches. Description : "Male, Upper- 

 %mz, forewing i\A\fi?.c^vA, the basal area yellowish-brown, hairy, a cellular mark, another at the extremity of 

 the cell, a little band placed be' ween, a macular broken discal band, a small subapical band, a bent series of 

 external spots, others submarginal, with the margin divided by a series of streaks of the ground-colour and the 

 nervules blackish. Hindwing yellowish-brown, with a disco-cellular spot, a broken macular discal striga, 

 external spots, others submarginal bent, and the margin divided by little streaks of the ground-colour much 

 wider than in the forewing, all blackish, with obsolete fulvous spots in three series between these (the inner 

 series short). Underside, yir<rW«^ much paler, the spots blacker, the apical margin greenish, with two or four 

 silvery spots. Hindwing greenish, tinted throughout with fulvescent, the costal m^igin on the lobe, a basal 

 fascia, another subbasal banaed inwardly with black, a third very macular, a fourth wider and a fifth before the 

 margin all outwardly banded with black, silvery, e.-cternal obsolete silvery dots, widely circled with ferruginous 

 and outwardly widely defined with fulvous. Fbmalb : Uppersidb darker, the spots larger." (Felder, 1. c.) 



^ Argynnis adipfie, Linnaeus. "The male closely resembles A. nglaia, but the black lines along the 

 nervures^'of the /ore luing [on the uppersideJ are thicker. Underside. Forezuing brighter fulvous than 

 in /I. a^/'»/a, with distinct silvery markings near the apex. Hindwing light yellow, with a fulvous tinge; 

 spots well defined and silvery ; between the hind-marginal and medial rows is a series of reddish spots 

 with silvery centres : the inner margin is greenish, with a silvery gloss. Fe.m ale brighter fulvous [than in 

 A. agiaia], and the dark markings are not so intense, neither is there the black shading towards the base 

 ofthe wings found in that species. Expanse: I'g to 22 inches. HABITAT ; Europe, Asia Minor, Armenia, 

 the Altai, and the Amur." (Lancia Butt, of Europe, p, 212J. 



