140 NYMPIIALID/E. NYMPHALIN/T<:. ARGYNNIS. 



are reduced to one, while in others there are three ; the intensity of all the markings is also 

 variable. I also took numerous specimens of a small A7gyiifns in July below the Baralacha 

 pass at about 12,000 feet elevation, one of which now in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, was 

 identified by Mr. Moore as A. baralacha; they differ from the single specimen from the 

 Zoji-la, Kashmir, at about 11,000 feet elevation, taken by me a month earlier, and which from 

 the locality should be A, sipora, in not having the discal series of spots quite so triangular or 

 conical, but this is the only difiference I can detect, and is barely sufficient for a specific 

 separation even if constant. The species is nearly allied lo the European A, pales, but the 

 ground-colour of the underside, especially on the hindwing, is not so dark. A description 

 of A. baralacha is appended.* 



The figure (named A. baralacha on the plate) shows the upperside of both sexes from 

 Lahoul examples in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 



433- Argynnis jerdoni, Lsng. 



A. jerdoni, Lang, Ent. Month. Mag., vol. v, p. 34 (1868); A. cashinirensis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1874, p. 267, n. 25, pi. xliii, fig. 4. 



Habitat : Goolmurg, Sonamurg, Chunpur ; all in Kashmir. 



Expanse : Wings, 1-5 inches. Bod.y, -5 inch. 



Description : " Upperside fulvous, markings black. Fcrewing, base, and interior margin, 

 below submedian nervure, dark fuscous ; two spots (first circular, second lunular) within, 

 and a streak closing, the cell ; a large spot below the origin of the first median nervule ; 

 a transverse, curved, discal series of seven spots ; a suffused spot on costa at two-thirds from 

 the base ; a nearly straight, exterior, transverse series of seven spots ; a submarginal series 

 of lunules ; and a very slender marginal line, which expands into an angle at the end of each 

 nervule. Hindwing, the basal half dark fuscous, with a sinuous exterior margin ; an exterior, 

 transverse series of six spots ; a submarginal series of five lunules ; and a very slender 

 marginal line expanding into an angle at end of each nervule. Underside. Foreimng ^^zXq 

 fulvous ; markings as above, with the exception of the fuscous of the base and interior margin, 

 which is wanting, but is replaced by an additional narrow, lunular, basal mark within the 

 cell. Hindwing fulvous ; base deep ferruginous, including a basal series of three small silvery 

 spots ; a broad, curved, transverse, discal fascia (with acutely angulated black margins), silvery, 

 white, except where interrupted by two yellowish-white patches ; an exterior transverse 

 curved series of six small ocellii; the sixth (near anal angle) geminated ; ocelli black, with 

 minute white pupils ; marginal series of large silvery spots, each bordered interiorly with a 

 narrow black lunule. Thorax, abdomen, palpi, antennce, dark fuscous ; the latter with 

 ochreous tips to the large, flat, pyriform clubs," {Lang, 1. c.) 



I have carefully compared the type of .<4.y^n«'^«j which is in Colonel Lang's collection 

 with specimens of A. cashinirensis so named by Mr. Moore, and can find no single charac- 

 ter by which to distinguish them. I took a large series of both sexes of A, jerdoni at 

 Chunpur, Kashmir, in June, which show slight variation in the intensity of the black markings, 

 the paler ones agreeing almost exactly with the unique type specimen. Mrs, R. Bazett also 

 took it in considerable numbers at Bayadmulla, 6,500 feet, and elsewhere in Kashmir at 8,500 

 feet, in June. The description of A. cashinirensis is given below t for reference. 



* Argynnis baralacha, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 242, pi. xi, figs. 1, la. Habitat: Ladak. 

 Expanse: 1-62 inches. Description: "Male. Upperside fulvous: lower basal area of both wings 

 minutely black-speckled, .^^'n'tww?- with a black recurved streak within the cell, a lunular streak at its end; 

 a discal transverse zigzag series of broader streaks, two outer rows of small spots, which are indistinct at the 

 ape.x, and a marginal, indistinct, dentated lunular speckled line. H indumig with two less distinct and 

 more slender cell-streaks, discal row of spots, two outer rows of spots (of which the inner row is indistinct), 

 and a marginal speckled line. Underside. Fotewing paler fulvous, with the cell, discal, and inner row of 

 black spots as above showing very indistinctly ; the costal border, two streaks from the apex, and short X- 

 shaped marginal marks being yellow. Hindwing yMow, with a very irregular transverse subbasal, discal, and 

 a marginal falvous-red band ; the subbasal band bordered outwardly by linear pearly streaks, the discal band 

 by indistinct pearly lunules, and the mar,;inal band traversed by pearly X-shaped marks ; the discal and 

 marginal bands more or less confluent ; a small pearly spot also within the cell." {Moore, I.e.) 



^ -^^P'"'"^ S'}f'-'"'>y"^>^^ Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 267, n. 25, pi. xliii, fig. 4. Habitat : Soona- 

 murg, N.-E. of Kashmir Valley. Expanse : i1/a/t^, v^ ; female, 1-62 inches. Description: "Male and 

 FEMALE. Upperside bright ferruginous, markings black and very prominent. /"c>r«t7«.g' with the costa, base, 



