142 NYMPHALID.E. NYMniALIN/'E. CALINAGA. 



than ill the male, and on the upperside of the fovewing the double submarginal row of narrow 

 white zigzag lines are completely joined, thus forming arrow-headed figures. 



D. nesimachus is a common species in Sikkim at low elevations, and occurs as far east 

 as Sibsagar in Upper Assam. 



The figure shows both sides of a male Sibsagar example in the Indian Museum, 

 Calcutta. 



Genus 69.-0ALINAGA, Moore. (Frontispiece). 



Cd/jM/i^rt, Moore, Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I. C, vol. i, p. 162 (1857) ; id., Lucas, Ann. 

 Soc. Ent. France, sixth series, vol. iv, p. Ixxxvi (18S4). 



" Head, small, with a somewhat long frontal tuft. \Eyes densely hairy]. Thorax, large, 

 hairy, neck covered with long velvety hairs. Abdomen, long, slender. Palpi, porrected, ascend- 

 ing, elevated to the level of the middle of the eyes, slender, covered with fine hairs, those in front 

 very long ; apical joint ovate-cylindric. Aniennce, [short, less than one-third of the length of the 

 forewing, stout, with a gradual, but rather prominent club, articulations distinct]. Forelegs, 

 short, pectoral ; feiimr clothed with fine long hairs ; tibia and tarsus hairy ; tarsus two-thirds the 

 length of tibia, armed with a single claw. Middle and hindlegs, rather stout ; femur 

 clothed with hairs ; tibia the same length as the femur, and partially covered with short 

 spiny hairs, with two short tibial spurs ; tarsus with several rows of shorter spines ; of five 

 joints, the first as long as the other four together ; second, third, and fourth short ; fifth rather 

 long, half the length of the first ; claws sharp. Forewing, elongate-trigonate : costal margin 

 slightly arched, apex rounded ; exterior margin about half the length of the costa ; posterior 

 margin slightly convex, two-thirds the length of costa. Costal nervure strong, and extending 

 to two-thirds of the costal margin ; subcostal nervure separated from the costal, its first branch 

 arising at two-fifths from the base ; second branch at a little distance off, and at equal 

 distance from the first as from the extremity of discoidal cell, and both running parallel with 

 the costal ; third and fourth branches arising at equal distances from each other and from the 

 extremity of the discoidal cell and the tip of the wing. Upper disco-cellular nervule very 

 short, almost obsolete, arising from the subcostal at about the middle of the wing ; middle 

 disco-cellular four times the length of first, extending downwards, and slightly convex ; loiuer 

 disco-cellular long, curving obliquely downwards and outwards, and uniting with the third 

 branch of the median nervure at its origin, c\os^yngih.Q discoidal cell. Hindwing, elongate- 

 trigonate ; costal margin convex at its base, then quite straight ; outer margin rounded ; 

 abdominal margin nearly straight, slightly rounded ; pnecostal nervure rather indistinct, curved 

 inwards ; costal nervure arched near the base, then straight, extending to costal margin on 

 three-fourths of the wing ; subcostal nervure straight to two-fifths of the wing, where it 

 branches slightly upwards, and extends to the apex ; tcpper disco-cellular nervule short, straight, 

 arising at the subcostal branch ; middle disco-cellular slightly oblique, concave ; lower disco- 

 cellular oblique, convex, uniting with the third branch of the median nervure a little beyond its 

 origin, closing the o'/jf^/i/a/r^//." [Third median nervule strongly arched]. (^Moore,\. c.) 



There appears to have been much uncertainty as to the correct position of this genus. 

 Mr. Kirby in his Catalogue of 187 1 placed it second in the subfamily Papilionince , but in his 

 Supplement of 1877, placed it in the NympJialin,-e, in which subfamily it was originally described 

 by Mr. Moore. M. Oberthiir as lately as 1 88 1* remarked that the characters furnished by the 

 antennae would indicate that the position of the genus lies between Leiiconea (a genus of the 

 subfamily PierincB, of which the European Black-veined White, Aporia cratcegi, is the type) 

 TlO.^ Parnassius. Mr. Butler has recently described a species from " near Assam," and has 

 prefixed the following notet regarding the genus, which, however, he retains in the subfamily 

 NymphalincB between the genera Hestina and Ergolts. " The genus to which the following 

 species [C brahma'] belongs has hitherto been placed in this part of the Nymphalime ; I have, 

 however, not the least doubt (in spite of its short thickened antennre) that irs proper place is in 

 the Satyrince between Zethera and Orinoma ; the neuration of the wings is almost identical 



* Etudes d'Ent., vol. vi, p. 11 (1881). 



t Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., fifth series, vol. xvi, p. 309 (1885). 



