NYMPHALID^. NYMPHALIN/E. LEBADEA. 153 



Description : "Male and female. Differs from Z. ismene, Doubleday, in being smaller 

 and of a brighter colour, the white medial transverse band narrower, the apical portion on 

 i\iQ forewing more angular in position and extending to the costa, the outer series of narrow 

 lunules being present on the hindioing in both sexes." (^Moore, 1, c.) 



The Indian Museum, Calcutta, possesses several specimens of this species which were 

 taken by Limborg with the types. It appears to be a very doubtfully distinct species, none 

 of the characters given above being confined to examples from Upper Tenasserim ; specimens 

 from Cachar have the ground-colour of the same tint, one specimen from the Naga Hills, and 

 another from Sylhet have the medial white band as attenuated, its upper portion extending to 

 the costa and placed at almost right angles to it, and so on. Female specimens taken by 

 Dr. Anderson in the Mergui Archipelago in the cold weather are very dark ferruginous, but 

 not more so than one female example from Sylhet in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. In Major 

 Marshall's collection are numerous examples taken by Captain C. T. Bingham in the Donat 

 range and Upper Thoungyeen forests in Upper Tenasserim, and one taken by Captain C. H. 

 E. Adamson at Moulmein. 



An allied species, L, marlha, occurs in Malayana. The description is appended.* 



The small genus Pandita, Moore, which includes about three species, is confined to the 

 Indo-Malayan region. A description of it and the single species which occurs in the Malay 

 Peninsula is given below.t P. sinope is a butterfly of moderate size, the wings broad and 

 rounded, the basal half on the upperside fuscous, crossed by black waved lines, the outer half 

 ochreous crossed by fuscous bands. 



* Lebadea. (Papilio) martJia, Fabricius, Mant. Ins., vol. ii, p. 56, n. 555 (1787); idem, id., Ent. Syst., 

 vol. ill, pt. i, p. 139, n. 429 (1793) ; Li}nenitis martha, Butler, Cat. Fab. Lep. B. M., p. 59, n. i, pi. i, 

 fig. 4 {1869) ; Lebadea martha, Distant, Rhop. Malay., p. 145,11. x, pi. xvii, figs. 10, male, 11, female 

 (1S83I ; Aconthea alankara, Horsfield, Cat. Lep. E. I. C, pi. v, fig. 6, male (1829) ; Limenitis alankara, 

 Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I, C-. vol. i, p. 179, n. 364 (1857)- H.\bitat : Malacca, 

 Sumatra, Banca, Java, Borneo. Expanse : Male, 2'i ; female, 2 2 to 2*3 inches. Description : " Malh. 

 Upperside brownish ochraceous. Forewi7ig\v\\}\^^ cell crossed by three pairs of blackish lines, of which 

 two are basal, two medial enclosing a large whitish spot, and two at apex ; beneath cell and between the first 

 median nervule and submedian nervure are some black linear markings ; beyond cell the wing is crossed 

 by an irregular series of eight white spots divided by the nervules, of which the si.\th and seventh are 

 largest, and separated by the first median nervule ; these are followed by a straight series of six lunulate 

 white spots margined with fuscous, that beneath the first median nervule being duplex ; apex somewhat 

 broadly white ; a waved fuscous submarginal line, margined with white, and commeicing beneath the fifth 

 subcostal nervule. Hiudzuing with the cell crossed by two medial, waved, black lines, which are continued 

 to near submedian nervure, and two short contiguous black lines near apex ; a discal oblique white fascia 

 (continuous to the series of spots on the forewing), narrowing towards anal angle and margined on each side 

 with fuscous ; this is followed by a series of fuscous lunulate spots, inwardly margined with whitish ; a 

 submarginal line as on the forewing, but preceded by some obscure fuscous lunulate spots ; margins of both 

 wings narrowly fuscous, with the cilia greyish ; abdominal margin greyish. Unoerside pale ochraceous. 

 Forewing marked as above, but much paler. Hindwing marked generally as above, but much paler, the 

 medial series of fuscous lunulate spots almost obsolete, and with two fuscous lines between the bases of the 

 costal and subcostal nervures. Body and legs more or less concolourous with the wings. Female. Upperside 

 as in male, but broader, and with the discal series of white spots much attenuated, the submarginal line 

 extending to apex, which is not white, and with the white spot absent from cell. Hindwing as in male, 

 but with the medial white fascia very narrow, and its following fuscous spots not margined with white. Under- 

 bids much paler than above, and with the markings bearing the same relation to those of the upperside as 

 obtains in the male." 



"All the specimens of i. a/ii«/^a>-(i, Horsfield, which I could examine, having proved of the male sex-, 

 whilst those of L. martlia, Fabricius, have been invariably females, I have felt no hesitation in considering them 

 as but the sexes of one species, and treating them here as such." {Distant, 1. c. ) Mr. Distant in describing the 

 generic characters of Lebadea states that the lower disco-cellular nervule of the hindwing is " obsolete." This 

 may be so in L. martha, but in both the Indian species it is distinctly present. 



t Genus Pandita, Moore, Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I. C, vol. i, p. 181 (1857) ; id., Distant, 

 Rhop. Malay., p. 146 (1883). " HE^D, rather ^ms\\;eyes, prominent, naked ; /<2^i, rather short, directed 

 upwards to about the middle of the eyes, extended a little in front of the head, hairy, the hairs at the base long, 

 apical joint conic ; antenntB, rather longer than half the length of the forewing, straight, with an elongated 

 slender club. Thorax, moderately robust, covered with scales, the sides hairy. Abdomen, rather small, slender, 

 hairy. Forewing, elongate-trigonate, anterior margin arched ; apex rounded ; exterior margin two-thirds 

 the length of the anterior, more or less scalloped ; posterior margin about the same length as the exterior, 

 somewhat rounded near the base and the angle. Costal nemitre moderately strong, extending to the middle 

 of the anterior margin ; subcostal nervure with its first branch arising at one-fourth of the wing from the base, 

 and extending to the costal margin at one-third from the apex ; second branch ari>iing a little beyond the first, 

 some distance before the extremity of the discoidal cell, and terminating one-fourth from the apex : third branch 

 commencing at one-third from, and extending to, the apex : fourth branch at one-fifth of the wmg, and 

 terminating a little below the apex ; upper disco-cellular ne'vule very short, almost obsolete, commencing 

 obliquely a little beyond the base of the third subcostal branch ; vtiddlc disco-cellular five times the length 

 of the first, descending in an oblique inward curve ; lower disco-cellular rather slender, but distinct, long, 

 descending straight, but uniting in a curve with the third median nervule immediately above its origin, 

 thus closing the discoidal cell, Hindwing, quadrate-trigonate ; the extreme b.-vse of the anterior margitt 



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