158 NYMPIIALID/E. NYMPIIALIN.'E. LIMENITIS. 



discoidal cell with paler centres, and a small green patch at anal angle. Underside of a 

 golden-glossed obscure ashy-brown ochreous colour. Forriving with markings at the base ; 

 a transverse row of lunulated marks, and an indistinct submarginal row of very small spots, 

 purple-ashy ; also a whitish patch at the apex, and a narrow yellowish line across the disc. 

 Hindwing with broad inner and submarginal band purple-ashy ; the latter with small whitish 

 spots along its middle ; two marks within and one above the discoidal cell whitish. Female. 

 Upperside with portions at the base, as in male, dark brownish-green ; the middle of both 

 wings white, with broad greenish-brown band crossing the disc ; exterior margins broadly 

 paler greenish-brown, with green patch at the anal angle ; markings at base of wings pale. 

 Underside pale greenish-yellow, with greenish-golden gloss ; bands and markings as in 

 upperside, but less distinct and whitish." (_Moore, 1. c.) 



Z. danava differs conspicuously from other species of the genus in the female being very 

 differently coloured and marked from the male. It has a wide range in the Himalayas, occurring 

 from Masuri to Sibsagar in Upper Assam. It differs from all the following species in having two 

 pale discal bands instead of one only, and by having these bands brown throughout in the 

 male ; in the female they are white. Its outline is similar to that of L. dudu ; the forewing is 

 more emarginate, and the anal angle is more distinctly produced, giving a slight resemblance in 

 these two species to some of the Euthalias, but the inner angle of the forewing does not pro- 

 ject beyond the apex of the hindwing. 



447- LimenitiS daraza, Doubleday, Ilewitson. 



L. daraxa, Doubleday, Hewitson, Gen. Diurn. Lep., vol. ii, p. 276, n. 11, pi. xxxiv, fig. 4 (1850). 



Habitat : Kumaon, Sikkim, Bhutan, Sylhet, Cachar, Assam, Naga Hills, Upper 

 Tenasserim. 



Expanse : 2-25 to 2-85 inches. 



Description : Male. Upperside, both wings black, powdered w'xih. obscure ochreous 

 at the base, a brown line near the margin, within which is a series of pale brown spots, each 

 bearing a black spot in the centre, an obscure brown line just beyond the green discal band. 

 Forezuing with two black lines across the middle of the cell, with a figure of 8 in the 

 interspace below, the disco-cellulars defined with a band of the ochreous powdering ; a 

 discal band of eight pale green spots placed between the nervules, the upper one minute 

 and linear, the next larger and oval, the two following about double the size and kidney- 

 shaped, the next one at the base of the upper median interspace rounded, the three lower 

 ones quadrate, divided only by the nervules. Hindwing with some obscure black markings 

 at the base, the discal pale green band in continuation of that on the forewing, continuous, 

 of nearly equal width throughout, but ending in a point at the submedian nervure, divided 

 by the veins ; a rounded deep ferruginous patch at the anal angle. Underside with the pale 

 discal band as on upperside but almost white, the ochreous and brown markings of the upper- 

 side replaced by violet much brightest on the margin, the ground-colour pale ferruginous, the 

 violet patches on the border each bearing a deep black spot as on the upperside, and inwardly 

 bordered with deep ferruginous lunules, sometimes with an additional whitish spot within the 

 band near apex of forewing. I have not seen a female of this species. 



L. daraxa is not a rare species and has a wide range. Mr. Atkinson records it from the 

 Himalayas of the North- Western Provinces, and it appears to occur at a suitable elevation all 

 along the hills as far east as Sibsagar in Upper Assam and the Naga Hills, and Captain C. T. 

 Bingham took it in April in the Upper Thoungyeen forests in Upper Tenasserim. 



In all the remaining species of this genus the sexes are alike and the discal band is pure 

 white throughout, except in Z. zayla, in which it is yellow on the forewing. In all the discoidal 

 cell of the hindwing is open. The first three species have the wings more elongated, and the 

 pale discal band straighter than in typical Limenilis ; the outer margin of the forewing is 

 also more emarginate, least so in Z. zayla, most in Z. dtidii. 



