NYMPIIALID^. NYMPHALIN^. LIMENITIS. 159 



448, LimenitiS Zayla, Doubleday, Hewitson. 

 L. zayrt, Doubleday, Hewitson, Gen. Diurn. Lep., vol. ii, p. 276, n. 12, pi. xxxv, fig. 4(1850). 



Habitat : Sikkim, Assam, Sylhet. 



Expanse : 3-5 to 3-8 inches. 



Description: Male. Upperside, both zvin^s blackish, powdered with ochreous at the 

 base. Fornving with a zigzag black line at the base of the cell and in the interspace below, two 

 fine black lines across the middle of the cell and a figure of 8 below both enclosing a ferruginous 

 space, a fine black line beyond, the disco-cellulars enclosed by two black lines surroundintT an 

 ochreous space ; a broad discal ochreous band, its inner edge somewhat uneven but sharply 

 defined, its outer edge lunulated and somewhat diffused, the lower portion of this band 

 inwardly white ; three subcostal ochreous elongated streaks in continuation of the band ; the 

 ground-colour beyond brown, gradually deepening into black ; a submarginal series of deep 

 ferruginous lunules, their points joined to a ferruginous outer line ; the margin marked with 

 a black, then a pale, then another black line. Himhting with some obscure black markings 

 at the base ; a broad discal white band attenuating to a point at the submedian nervure where 

 it ends ; a pale band beyond, then abroad black band outwardly bearing a series of prominent 

 deep ferruginous lunules ; beyond which there is a pale band, then a black line, then a very 

 fine pale line, and lastly the margin is black. Underside much paler, glossy greenish at the 

 base of the himiwing, marked much as above but all the bands more obscure and blurred. 

 Cilia alternately black and white throughout. Sexes alike. 



This is probably the most beautiful species of the genus, it occurs somewhat plen- 

 tifully on Birch Hill, Darjiling. 



449. LimenitiS ZUlema, Doubleday, Hewitson. 

 L. zulenia, Doubleday, Hewitson. Gen. Diurn. Lep., vol. ii, p, 276, n. 9, pi. xxxiv, fig. i (1850). 



Habitat : Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam. 



Expanse : 27 to 3-3 inches. 



Description : Male. Upperside, both wittgs rich deep brown, crossed by a broad 

 discal white band, divided by the nervules, the upper portion slightly recurved in the forewin^ 

 and macular, very straight and even in the hindwing, terminating on the submedian 

 nei'vure, followed by a pale brown lunulated band, then a series of somewhat quadrate blackish 

 spots placed between the nervules, then a deep ferruginous band, then another series of blackish 

 spots but more elongated, the outer margin pale brown divided by two straight blackish lines. 

 Forewing with the base ochreous, a black line in the cell with an annular spot below it, two 

 black lines joined above and below and enclosing a deeper ferruginous space than the 

 ground-colour across the middle of the cell, with a figure of 8 in the interspace below, the 

 disco-cellulars placed on a deep ferruginous band margined with black on both sides. Two 

 subapical small white spots. Hiiid'wing with some obscure black markings at the base of the 

 wing and in the cell. Underside much paler, the ground-colour being greenish-white, the 

 markings much as above, but more prominent Cilia alternately black and white throughout. 

 I have not seen a female, it will probably be found not to differ from the male in markings. 



L. 0«/w/a is a rare species which is occasionlly received from Sikkim. Mr. A. V. Knyvett 

 has obtained it near Buxa in Bhutan, and there is a single specimen from Cherrapunji in 

 Assam, in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. In general appearance it is very similar to L. 

 calidosa, but the neuration is very different. 



450. LimenitiS dudU, Westwood. (Plate XXIV, Fig. 112 $). 



L. dudit, Westwood, Gen. Diurn. Lep., vol. ii, p, 276, n, 13, note (1850). 



Habitat : Sikkim, Sylhet, Shillong. 

 Expanse : 2 '8 to 36 inches. 



Description : " Upperside fuscous, with a straight rather narrow oblique submedian 

 band across both wings white, a little irregular towards the costa of the forewing, with two 



