i62 NYMPIIALID.E. NYMrilALIN.^. LIMENITIS. 



This form, or more correctly local race of L (riveita, was described ambiguously as from 

 " North India." It is not found in the outer ranges of the Himalayas, occurring always in the 

 middle or inner ranges further north. Colonel Lang took numerous specimens in Upper Kunawar 

 (Pangi, June), I obtained a single male at Mogul Maidan, Kashmir, in June, and Mrs. R. Bazett 

 took numerous specimens at Gulmurg, 9,400 feet in July. The size of the spots in the discal 

 band in these specimens agrees with the figure of L. ligyes, but the rufous spots are very 

 feebly developed. I also obtained three males in June at Gagangair, Kashmir, and Major 

 Marshall possesses three males from Baba Marishi, 8,400 feet, also in Kashmir, and one from 

 Tangi, all taken in June. They differ from typical Z. ligyes in having the discal spots as small 

 as in the next form, Z. hydaspes ; the development of the rufous spots is inconstant, some of 

 these specimens being quite typical Z. ligyes in this respect, but in none of them are they as 

 fully developed as in Z. hydaspes or Z. lepechini. Lastly Major Marshall possesses quite 

 typical specimens of Z. ligyes taken at Kutabul, 8,200, and Bayadmalia, 6,500 feet, both in 

 Kashmir, and one from Pangi, all these specimens taken in June. Colonel Lang writes of it : 

 "This species is represented by only one much mutilated specimen in Dr. Jerdon's series 

 [from Kashmir], which resembles the dark ' Kunawar ' rather than the light ' Simla ' 

 variety ; but it differs from all that I have yet seen, in having an exterior transverse series, 

 nearly obsolete in the forewing, but very distinct in the hind wing, of ochreous-red spots, one 

 being placed at the apex of each of the black borders of the submarginal lunules. The 

 underside is also suffused with ochreous-red. This species is subject to a considerable amount 

 of gradual variation. At the commencement of its range near Simla, all the individuals accord 

 well with the description of Z. trivena, Moore, having bivad white fascice occupying nearly 

 one-third of the wing ; while at the extreme northern limit of the range, Tibetwards (as also 

 apparently to the west in Cashmere), the fascia is narrow and only macular, and the insects 

 have a dark sombre look. The food-plant of the larvse is Lonicera tatarica, which has a wide 

 range in the N.-W. Himalaya." 



The figure of this form (erroneously named Z. hydaspes on the plate) from a male Pangi 

 specimen in Major Marshall's collection shows both sides. 



Var. hydaspes. " Male and fem.vle. Upperside dark rufous brown ; both tvings with 

 a transverse discal series of small oval white spots, and two submarginal rows of prominent 

 dentate ochrey-red spots, which are parallelly joined together by an intermediate row of 

 dentate black spots, the outer row being also bordered by a black lunule ; a narrow black 

 and a white streak within, and an ochrey-red streak closing the cell ; two ochrey-white spots 

 before the apex. Underside bright ochrey-yeliow, the discal maculated band and streak in 

 cell, as above, black-bordered ; middle of the wings, outside the discal band, and a marginal 

 series of lunules ochrey-red ; two black lunules near posterior angle of forewing." 



" Nole. Z. ligyes, Hewitson, may be distinguished from this species in being of a dark or 

 somewhat greenish-brown colour, the discal maculated band being formed of larger spots, the 

 submarginal series of black dentate spots being bordered outwardly by a whitish (sometimes 

 slightly fulvous white) dentate spot, and outer or marginal hardly apparent blackish lunules ; 

 the underside is paler, and has more black diffused along the borders of the discal bands." 



"Z. /nVt'w^, Moore, may also be known by its much paler brown colour, and the very 

 broad discal transverse band, which occupies nearly one-third of the wing, the underside being 

 also of a very pale yellow. Z. ligyes is apparently confined to the Kumaon [ ? Kunawar] 

 district, and L, trivena to the Simla district of the N.-W. Himalaya." (Moore, 1. c.) 



This form or local race is described as being " common about Kashmir," probably on 

 the authority of the late Captain R. B. Reed who obtained the type specimens. In Major 

 Marshall's collection is a single female taken in Astor, Northern Kashmir in September, and' 

 I possess two examples taken by Colonel Lockhart's Mission, one probably near Gilgit, the 

 other in the Astor Valley which are the only typical specimens I have seen. They differ from 

 the figure of Z. ligyes in having the discal band composed of smaller white spots, and the outer 

 border of both wings bearing two prominent series of ferruginous spots, the inner series" 

 becoming white at the apex of the forewing. Several of the specimens mentioned under 



