NYMPIIALID.E, NYMPHALIN^. LIMENITIS. 163 



the previous form approach very closely to this one, notably one from Pangi, which has been 

 here figured as Z. hydaspes, but the ferruginous spots are not quite so large. 



Yz.x. lepichini. "Male. Upperside fuscous, a macular white fascia beyond the middle, 

 two series of fulvous spots before the outer margin. Underside greenish-yellow, median fascia 

 white." (E)sc/ioff, 1. c.) 



This form or local race was described from near Maracanda, in Turkestan, and was taken 

 in June. It is very close to our Astor and Gilgit specimens of Z. hydaspes, but differs in the 

 spots of the discal band being as large as in typical Z. ligyes. The outer border of both wings 

 on the underside is rich ochreous marked only with a diffused darker band in the middle, 

 more prominent in the forewing. On the upperside also the black spots between the two 

 ferruginous marginal series of spots are not shown in the figure. 



The two following species have been generically separated by Mr. Moore (Lep. Cey., 

 vol, i, p. 47) under the name Modiiza. They differ chiefly from typical species of Lime?iitis in 

 the shape and position of the lower disco-cellular nervule of the forewing. The description 

 is appended.* 



452- LimenitiS prOCriS, Cramer. 



Pa/zV/o/wm^, Cramer, Pap. Ex., vol. ii, pi. cvi, figs. E, F (1777); Nyntphalis pocris, Godart, Enc. 

 Me'th., vol. ix, p. 404, n. 178 (1S19) ; Biblis procris, Horsfield, Cat. Lep. E. I. C, pi. viii, figs. 4, larva; 4a 

 pupa ; 46-^, structure 0/ i/)ia^o [iS^g] ; Limc/ii/is proc? is, Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E, L C. 

 vol. i, p. 179, n. 362, pi. V, figs. 12, /a7va ; 12a, pupa (1857) ; id., Distant, Rhop. Malay., p. 148, n. i, pi. xvii, 

 fig. I, f/taie (1883) ; L. anarta, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 585. 



Habitat ; India, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Andamans, Sumatra, Banca, Java, Borneo. 



Expanse : 2-3 to 3*2 inches. 



Description ; " Male and female. Upperside bright ferruginous. Forewhtg with 

 the cell crossed by three black lines, and with the same number between the first median 

 nervule and the submedian nervure ; beyond the cell the whole disc of the wing is triangularly 

 blackish, containing an oblique series of five white spots, situated one at end of the cell, 

 three separated by the median nervules, the fifth and smallest on the inner margin ; 

 four or five subapical white spots, of which two linear and smallest are subcostal, 

 two, largest, separated by upper discoidal nervule, and one very small beneath the lower 

 discoidal nervule ; a broad submarginal waved black fascia and two narrower mar- 

 ginal fasciae of the same colour, which sometimes become fused. Hindwing with the cell 

 crossed by two pairs of blackish lines and with a few small black markings above the cell ; a 

 broad medial oblique white macular fascia continuous to the medial spots of the forewing, 

 terminating at the submedian nervure, its inner margin somewhat regular and narrowly 

 bordered with black, its outer margin scalloped and broadly margined with black ; this is 

 followed by a series of blackish spots placed between the nervules and marginal and sub- 

 marginal fasciae, much as on the forewing, but the inner one terminating at the anal angle in 

 two small spots. Underside with the white markings as above. Foreioing with the basal 

 area before the white spots (which are margined with black), very pale olivaceous ; the third 

 and fourth lines in the cell including a bright reddish spot, and the same beneath the cell ; the 



* Genus Moduza, Moore. " Forewing, triangular ; casta arched, apex produced, exterior margin oblique, 

 scalloped, convex anteriorly. Costal nervure extending two-thirds of wing ; Jirst subcostal nerinile emitted 

 at nearly one-half before end of the cell, second z.t equal distance between it and end of the cell, third at a little 

 more than one-third from the Cft\\fourtli s.x\d fifth at three-fourths beyond ; upper [middle] disco-cellular curved 

 very obliquely outwards and bent near subcostal, lotver very slender and slightly convex, the radials [discoidal 

 nervules] from angle and end of upper disco-cellular ; discoidal cell long ; middle tnedian }ie>-jule emitted at 

 some distance before end of the cell and opposite to its upper end, loT.ucr median at more than half distance 

 before lower end ; submedian nervure straight. Hindwing, broad, anterior margin short, extenor margin 

 deeply scalloped, convex ; costal ?ierv7ire extending to apex, with a lengthened outward-curved basal spur, its 

 base being opposite to the subcostal ; y?rj; subcostal nervule at half length before end ot the cell ; m</m/at 

 equal distance from the subcostal ; discoidal cell open; lotuer median nervule emitted from opposite base of 

 radial, secomi and third median nervules a.t. some, disiaxice beyond \ sub>ncdian 3.nd internal ner-'utes sWghlXy 

 curved. ^Oi/y, stout, short ; /c///, porrect, second joint long, projecting half its length in front of head, third 

 joint very short and pointed, very slightly pilose beneath at upper end ; legs, slender ; antenuce, with a lengthened 

 slender club. Type, M. procris." {I\Toore, 1. c.) In these species the general colouration most nearly resembles 

 that of L. zulema ; but the outer edge of the discal band on the hindwing is irregularly scalloped as in typical 

 L. trivena. Both the Indian species are tropical or subtropical forms. 



