i64 NYMPIIALID.E. NYMTIIALINyE. LIMENITIS. 



black discal area above reddish beneath, the three lower subapical white spots behig situated 

 in long and somewhat linear black spots ; subniarginal black fascia very much broken and sub- 

 obsolete ; marginal fasciic as above ; marginal area pale violaceous. Hiiichving with the whole 

 basal area to just beyond the white fascia, very pale olivaceous ; marginal and submarginal 

 fascias as on the forewing, but the last more obsolete and only denoted by a series of spots. 

 Body and legs more or less concolourous with the wings." (^Distant, I.e.) 



The larva (as figured by Horsfield) is a very extraordinary creature, brown, cylindrical, 

 the head much larger than the following segments and surrounded with numerous pointed 

 tubercles, the three following segments furnished with a pair each of long spined club-shaped 

 tubercles, increasing in length to the third segment, the following segments with similar but 

 shorter tubercles. Pupa rich brown with two foliaceous processes at the head, the wing- 

 cases dilated at the sides, the thorax humped, the dorsal surface of the abdominal segments 

 furnished with irregular projections. In Java Dr. Horsfield records the larva as feeding " on a 

 species of Kauclea, bearing the native name of Kleppu" In Calcutta I have bred it on 

 Anihocephalus Cadamba. 



L, procris occurs plentifully in India in the region of heavy rainfall. I have specimens from 

 Sikkim, Assam, Sylhet, Cachar, Burma, Calcutta, Orissa, and throughout South India. 



Mr. Moore has described a slight variety of Z. procris from the South Andaman Isles 

 under the name of L. aiiarta. It is somewhat variable, the white spot in the discoidal cell 

 of the forewing being sometimes entirely absent, in others (and there is every intermediate 

 variety) it is as large as many specimens from continental India. The other distinguishing 

 characters given by Mr. Moore even if they were constant, which they do not appear to be 

 from the specimens before me, are hardly sufficient to warrant the erection of Z. anarta into a 

 separate species, 



Var. anarta, Moore. Habitat : South Andamans. Expanse : <? , 2*5 to 27 ; $ , 

 3"l to 3'2 inches. Description : " Male. Darker than the Indian form of Z. procris. 

 Differs in the narrower white maculated band on both zvings, smaller subapical costal spots, and 

 much smaller spot^at end of the cell. The outer black markings are also broader ; the marginal 

 black dentate lunulesare confluent and similar to those in Z. calidosa." {Moore, 1. c.) The late 

 Mr. de Roepstorff has sent many specimens of this form from the South Andamans, the 

 female sex being the one most frequently caught. 



453- Limenitis calidosa, Moore. 



L. calidosa, Moore, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., third series, vol. i, p. 48, n. 2 (1S58) ; L. calidasa, Butler, 

 1. c, vol. xvii, p. 28s (1866); Moduza, calidasa, Moore, Lep. Cey., vol. i, p. 48, pi. xxv, figs, i, imago ; 

 ia, larva and/«/« (iSSi). 



Habitat : Ceylon. 



Expanse : $, 2-50 to 275 ; $ , 2'9 inches. 



Description : •* Male and female. Upperside dark rufous-brown, basal area 

 suffused with olive-brown. Foretvlno with a discal transverse series of bluish-white irregular- 

 shaped spots, which continue in a band across the hindimng ; both wings with basal black 

 streaks, and two sul^marginal series of black lunules interspaced with dull red ; marginal 

 black lunular lines bordered with pale brown. Underside, basal area bluish-grey, outer 

 area pale greyish-purple ; discal macular band as above ; submarginal spots, apical inter- 

 spaces, and basal streaks, prominently black and red bordered ; marginal lines distinct." 



"Larva pale greenish-yellow or reddish, head spined, the segments armed with short 

 spiny tubercles, and a longer dorsal divergent pair on third and fourth segments. Feeds on 

 Cinchona, Mnssccnda, &c. Pupa reddish-purple-brown, wing cases dilated ; head bifid, twisted 

 and bent outwards at the tips." {Moore, \. c. in Lep. Cey.) 



Z. calidosa appears to occur throughout Ceylon and at all seasons. It is quite distinct 

 from the continental Indian form Z. procris, the ground-colour of the upperside blackish, 

 with hardly any ferruginous markings, and the white spot at the end of the cell of the forewing 

 so prominent usually in L. procris in so far as I know always wanting in Z. calidosa. 



