NYMPHALID.E. NYMPHALIN.^. ATIIYMA. I7S 



middle, the eighth small and linear; a submavginal series of four lunulav spots from the anal 

 an.le. HMng with a discal macular ban-1 divided by the ve.ns from the submed.an 

 ne^vure to the middle of the costa ; a submarginal series of somewhat quadrate decreasing 

 spots from the submediaii to the costal nervure. Underside ochreous. Forrujing with the 

 middle of the disc to the inner margin blackish, markings much as above, but with 

 some diffused black spots on the outer margin; a marginal series of white lunules m additioii 

 to the submarginal series of the upperside. Hindzving with the markings of the upperside, bu 

 in addition, there is a series of white lunules on the margin, the inner edge of the subn.arginal 

 white band bears a series of round black spots, with another series of more diffused 

 dusky brown spots beyond, the base with a diffused white band bearing two smal 

 black spots in the cell, and four similar ones above it ; the prsecostal nervure defined with 

 black. Cilia white, black at the end of the nervules. Body black above, whitish below. 



The above description is made from a specimen without locality in the Indian Museum, 

 Calcutta. Cramer appears to have figured a female, which differs only from the male in 

 being larger, the forewing broader, with the outer margin evenly convex (in the male it is 

 emarginate), all the markings more prominent, and with an additional series of rounded 

 decreasing black spots on the upperside of the hindwing within the submarginal white band, 

 which are hardly traceable in the worn male before me. 



Kollar states that Carl Freiherr von Hiigel brought this species from Masuri ; there 

 is, however, as far as I am aware, no other record of its occurrence out of China. 



466. Athyma sankara, Koiiar. 



Limenitis sankxra, Kollar in Hugel's Kaschmir, vol. iv, pt. ii, P.42S, n. 3 (1848) ; Athymn sankara, West- 

 wood, Gen. Diurn. Lep., vol. ii, p. 274, n. 6 (1850). 



Habitat : Masuri. 

 Expanse : 27 inches. 



Description : " Wings on the upperside diluted black. Underside clouded with 

 fuscous and brown; with three white bands, the middle one wider, common to boik 

 wings, the portion on the forewing being macular. " 



" Larger than Limenitis \_ = Neptis\ aceris, the wings more elongated, on the outer margin un- 

 dulatin'^ly dentated. upperside dark fawn-colour, with three white bands, the first of which, 

 as in Z. [ = iV.]«i^^w, arrow-shaped, extending from the base to beyond the middle of the 

 forewing, and only once interrupted ; the second, which extends across both wings, consists in 

 the forewing of eight spots, its medial portion which extends crosswise towards the base 

 of the hind^wing being unbroken; finally the third runs in a slight curve through the 

 middle of the latter. On the underside, besides the three bands just mentioned, is a white 

 curved line extending along the outer margin of both wings, and from the base of the hind- 

 wing on either side run two less distinct, short, white bands : the remainder of the wing is 

 clouded with brown of various shades." 



" Thorax and abdomen above black, very dark green and metallic ; underside covered 

 with hairs and of a bluish-white colour. Antennoe above black, on underside brown." 



"We possess but a single specimen of this splendid species, which Freiherr v. Hugel 

 has lately brought from the Himalayas." {Kolhir, 1. c.) 



This species has never been identified since it was described. It most nearly corres- 

 ponds with the female of A. selennphora, of which Kollar described the male from the same 

 locality, but it differs from A. selenophora female, so far as the description above goes, in 

 two prominent features : in A. selenophora female the discoidal streak of the forewing is 

 more than once interrupted, and the submarginal band as well as the discal one is common 

 to both wings. 



The remainder of the species of this group all show a certain amount of blue tinting on 

 the white bands of the upperside of the male, and the discal band is partially and narrowly 

 but distinctly margined with pale blue ; with one single exception (A. amhara) the sexes in 

 the Indian species, so far as they are known, are widely differenliated. The greater number 



