NYMPIIALID.E. NYMPIIALIN.E. EUTHALIA. 205 



at apex and shaded with bhiisli nt posterior angle. Ili'ndwing with tlie apical [oilier] half broadly bluish : this area 

 is marked with tAO series of whitish spots, the first and most distinct at its inner margin, which is preceded by a 

 series of obscure dark spots, the second, which is almost obsolete near its middle ; outer margin brownish ; the 

 cilia of both wings greyish white. Underside pale obscure ochraceous. Forciving marked as above, the 

 discal series of pale spots large, more continuous, and more obscure and outwardly margined by a narrow 

 waved fuscous fascia. Hindwing with the apical [outer] half (which has a narrow transverse dark ochraceous 

 fascia near its anterior margin) somewhat paler. Body and legs more or less concolourous with the wings." 

 {Distant, I. c.) 



Euthalia fuseda. Adolias puseda, Moore, Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I. C, vol. i, p. igi, 

 n. 383 (1857) ; idem, id., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., new series, vol. v, p. 71, n. 18, pi. vi, fig. 5, female (1859) ; 

 id., Felder, Wien. Ent. Monatsch., vol. iv, p. 400, n. 23 (i860) ; Euthalia picseda. Distant, Rhop. Malay., 

 p. 125, n, 13, pi. xviii, fig. &, female ; pi. xv, fig. -i, female variety (1883) ; Adolias monina, Butler (Fabricius f), 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., i368, p. 608, n. 53, pi. xlv, fig. 4, male ; idem, id., Cat. Fab. Lep. B. M., p. 89, n. 3 

 (1869) ; idem., id., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zoology, second .series, vol. i, p. 539, n. 6 (1877) ; Adolias 

 ludekingii, Butler (tiec Vollenhoven), Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zoology, second series, vol. i, p. 539, n. 7 (1877). 

 Habitat : Perak, Penang, Malacca, Singapore. Expanse : Male, 2'i; female, I's to 2'9 inches. Description : 

 " Male. Very closely resembling the corresponding sex of E . 7nac>iairi, the upperside being indistinguishable. 

 Underside, foreiuing with a distinct subapical pale fuscous patch, and the two narrow discal fasciae are 

 placed wider apart, the interior one being almost obsolete and the outer one waved ; both wings are al.->o 

 somewhat paler in hue. Female. Upperside pale fuliginous. Forewing with the cell crossed by the follow- 

 ing dark fuscous lines : — one near base, two near middle with their bases connected, and two at termination, 

 the inner of which is strongly curved and the outer deeply sinuate, both narrowly connected at base ; imme- 

 diately beneath cell are a short line near outer base of first median nervule, a looped line forming an irregular 

 spot at inner base of the same nervule, and a short line near base of the submedian nervure ; a submarginal 

 series of large greyish obconical spots separated by the nervules, which occupy about outer half of wing, 

 crossed by a niuch- waved and dentate narrov brown fascia; the two uppermost of these spots having their 

 centres excavated and suffused with the fuliginous ground-colour, and they are ali conically pointed inwardly, 

 e.Kcept the lowermost, situated above the submedian nervure, which is concavely excavated. Hindwing with 

 the outer half (excluding margin) more or less irrorated with pale greyish, its inner margin defined by a narrow 

 waved brown fascia, and crossed by a regularly curved but inwardly dentate narrow brown fascia, the cell 

 crossed by some oliscure dark lines. UiNDERSIde pale ochraceous. Forewing with the cellular lines as above, 

 the large obconical spots extending to margin and marked as above. Hindwing as above, but much paler. 

 Body and legs more or less concolourous with wings." 



" The females are very variable, and I have seen all the intarmediate forms between the two specimens 

 figured. The A. [ = £■.] ludekingii, Vollenhoven (Tijd. Ent., vol. v, p. 189, n. 9, pi. x, fig. 3, female (1862) may 

 al.so be but a variety of this species, but in its typical form, as figured by Vollenhoven, certainly does not 

 appear to be found in the Malay Peninsula." 



" Mr. Butler identified the male of this species as the Papilio monina, Fabricius, and placed the P. cocyta, 

 Fabricius, as a synonym, stating that it is "figured by Jones in his unpublished ' Icones.' "* I have not 

 followed him in this course for several reasons : — Firstly, the Fabrician type is not contained in the Banksian 

 collection, and therefore the identification is unverifiable ; secondly, the males of a number of allied species are 

 so similar that it .seems impossible, from the description of Fabricius alone, to decide upon one more than 

 another ; and thirdly, as Mr. Moore has figured his species (female specimen) it seems unnecessary to sink the 

 same without more conclusive reason." {Distant, 1. c.) 



Euthalia asoka. Adolias asoka, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep., vol. iii, p. 433, n. 694, pi. Iviii, fig. i, female 

 (1866) ; id., Butler, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zoology, second series, vol. i, p. 539, n. 5 1 1877) ; Euthalia asoka, 

 Distant, Rhop. Malay., p. 127, n. 14, pi. xv, fig. 5, male ; pi. xiv, fig. 3. female {1S83). Habitat: Penang, 

 Province Wellesley, Jlalacca, Borneo. Expanse : Male, 2^40 ; female, 2'6s inches. Description : " Male. 

 Upperside dark castaneous. Both wings with a bluish outer marginal border, narrowest on the forewing, 

 where it commences a little beneath apex, widening to posterior angle, and very wide on the hindwing, 

 terminating near submedian nervure ; this bluish area is more or less suffused with purplish reflections ; 

 cell of the forewing crossed by four black lines, two medial and two terminal. Underside dull and dark 

 ochraceous. Forewing with the cellular markings as above, followed by a Ci'rved black line connecting the 

 lower discoidal nervule with the base of the second median nervule, and with a very narrow, waved, dark 

 fuscous discal or submarginal fascia, commencing near lower subcostal nervule, between which and upper 

 discoidal nervule it is strongly angulated ; beyond this fascia the colour is violaceous. Hindwing with a 

 paler waved submarginal fascia and a very indistinct discal one which is principally visible near the subcostal 

 nervules. Body and legs more or less concolourous with wings. Female. Upperside pale brownish. 

 Forewing with the cellular markings as in the male ; a waved line beyond cell, a small looped line beneath cell at 

 outer base of first median nervule, and a larger one of the same character at inner base of the same nervule, 

 preceded by another small one near base ; a discal series of seven pale spots divided by the nervules (the two 

 lower together situated between the first median nervule and submedian nervure), the two upper spots divided 

 by the upper discoidal nervule are largest, and the first is deeply scooped and excavated at its anterior 

 margin, the third is small and subquadrate, the fourth and fifth conve-x interiorly; beyond these spots 

 the colour is bluish, fobowed by a waved and narrow brownish fascia outwardly and broadly margined 

 with bluish grey ; a marginal fuscous line, and the cilia grey. Hindwing with a discal curved series 

 of pale spots surrounded by darker brown, placed between the nervules, from which to the outer margin 

 the colour is paler and contains a medial narrow waved dark brownish fascia ; a marginal fuscous line, 

 and the rilia grey ; cell crossed by two pairs of looped lines. U.vderside much paler and ochraceous ; 

 markings as above, but the discal series of large spots to the forewing much paler, and not outwardly 

 followed by bluish, and the narrow dark fascia placed much closer to them than on upperside. Body ilvHX 

 legs more or less concolourous with wings." 



" The female figured somewhat differs from Felder's figure of the same sex by the much less pale colouration 

 of the hindwing between the discal series of spots and the outer margin. Felder, however, refers the species 

 to two localities, viz., " Malacca, interior" and Borneo, but does not specify from which the specimen 

 figured was received. Consequently it is at least possible that the pale form may have been from Borneo, and 

 the species as found in the Malay Peninsula is of a somewhat melanic race. " (Distant, 1. c.) 



Euthalia gopia. Adolias gopia, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., new series, vol. v, p. 73, n. 22, pi. v, fig. 4, 

 male (1859); id., Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc Lond., 1S68, p. 607, n. 46. Habitat : Assam and (?) Fiji Islands 

 (Butler). Expanse: 3'i2 inches. Dsscription : Male. "Upperside deep pinky-brown, with a slight purple 

 shade. Forezuing with transverse row of whitish irregular spots, each terminating in a point between the veins, 

 the first two long, and tinged with brown across their middle, the rest shorter ; basal markings black. Hind- 

 •wing with tapping white band from middle of anterior to middle of abdominal margin, bounded broadly 



" Cut. Fab. Lep. B. M., p. 89, n. 3 (1S69). 



