NYMPHALID^. NYMPHALIN^. EUTHALIA. 217 



A subspecies occurring both in North and South India has been described by Mr. Butler 

 as follows : — " The wings altogether paler fulvescent, the discal spots often obsolete. The 

 figure of the female given by Mr. Moore is applicable to this form of the species, although the 

 discal spots are here distinct." (^Butler, 1. c.) 



" Larva green, with ten pairs of long laterally-projecting very delicate branched green 

 spines ; a pale dorsal line with blue and white spots, head red spotted. Pupa green, thick, 

 keeled along the back, broadly triangular across the middle ; abdomuial end short, tubercular 

 at tip, thoracic end long, ending in two tubercular points ; a band across the triangular back, 

 some thoracic spots, and the tubercular points yellow ; a lateral row of black dots on abdomen." 

 (Moore, 1. c. in Lep. Cey.) The larva is figured on Plate II of the first volume of this work. 

 It feeds on the mango, " Trophh aspera and on a species of Bryonia." {Hard-cuicke.) 



E, garuda is the commonest and most wide-spread species of the genus occurring in 

 India. It is met with throughout the outer ranges of the Himalayas and in the plains, except in 

 the desert tracts, and occurs in Ceylon, Burma, the Malay Peninsula and Java. The female 

 shows some slight variations, the ground-colour in some specimens is paler than in others, and 

 the discal series of white spots is reduced to three placed above the lower discoidal nervule 

 in some specimens, in others the series consists of seven. I have frequently bred the larva 

 in Calcutta from mango trees ; the butterflies frequent these trees, and usually settle with 

 wings widely spread open, sometimes on the underside of a leaf. 



In the next two species the males are widely different ; the male of E. vasanta very closely 

 resembles those of E. acontius and E. garuda, while that of E. phemius differs both in the 

 character of the white discal markings of the forewing, which consist of fine straight parallel 

 streaks, and in the hindwing having a wide blue patch on the outer border ; but the females 

 are very similarly marked, they have a prominent oblique white macular band from the 

 middle of the costa of the forewing to the first median nervule close to the outer margin, 

 very similar to the band in many species of Le/he ; this band is much wider in £, phemiits than 

 in E. vasanta, but similar in shape and character in both. 



S 14- Euthalia vasanta, Moore. 



^^(7//aiwaj-rt«/a, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., new series, vol. v, p. 77, n. 33, pi. vii, fig. 1, female 

 (1859) ; id., Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., i868, p. 602, n. 19; Euthalia vasanta, Moore, Lep. Cey., vol. i, p. 33, 

 pi. xvii, figs. 2, male ; 2a, female ; 2b, larva and piijia (1881). 



Habitat: Ceylon, 



Expanse: ^,2-41027; $, 2'9 to 3*3 inches. 



Description : " Male. Upperside blackish purple-brown. Forewing with the discal 

 area transversely glossed with greenish-brown and sinuously bordered with black, discoidal 

 black-lined marks and streaks below the cell, Hindwing with anal area greenish glossed, 

 discoidal black-lined marks, a discal curved black sinuous band, and marginal row of small 

 black spots. Underside ochreous-grey, brownish externally, markings as above, less 

 distinct. Female. Upperside olive-brown. Foreivin^ with an outwardly oblique discal 

 macular white band ; other markings and underside as in male, but paler." 



•' Larva dark green, with ten pairs of long paler green laterally-projecting branched 

 spines ; a whitish dorsal line and a lateral row of yellow dots, the segments crossed by a 

 purple line. Feeds on Manoifera. Pupa short, green, keeled along the back, broadly 

 triangular across the middle ; a lateral band, a band across the triangular back, and thoracic 

 black-bordered spots yellow; a lateral abdominal row of black dots." {Moore, 1. c. in 

 Lep. Cey.) 



E. vasanta is apparently confined to the island of Ceylon, where it is " common at 

 Colombo, about mango and cashew-trees. Flight rapid. Settles on the leaves and on the 

 ground" {Hutchison) . " Plentiful at Galle and Kandy" {IVade), The male is very close indeed 

 to E, garuda, but the upperside is of a distinct greenish hue, and the discal and apical white 

 spots of the forewing are always smaller, often obsolescent or absent entirely. The underside 

 is usually paler. The female is con.spicuo«ily diflferent from that sex of E. garuda, as it has an 



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