NYMPHALID^. NYMPHALIN.E. EUTHALIA. 221 



recurved discal series, a submarginal indistinct black lunular fascia. Hindioing with costal 

 border purple washed, a black disco-cellular mark, a submarginal row of black-bordered scarlet 

 spots, and a marginal row of black spots, the three apical and anal spots being bordered 

 externally with scarlet. Underside, /^r^wm^ greenish purple-brown, sufTused with ochreous- 

 brown apically, markings more prominent than above. Hindwing ochreous-brovvn, greenish- 

 brown anally, the scarlet spots very prominent and with scarcely any black border, the costal 

 margin, two discoidal black-bordered spots, and two above them, are also scarlet. Female. 

 Upperside, forewing with a medial transverse outwardly-oblique irregular macular greenish- 

 white band, and three small subapical spots, a dull scarlet discoidal mark. Hindwing marked 

 as in male. Underside, foreioin^ greyish-purple at base, apex ochreous-brown, posterior 

 angle greenish-grey, macular white band and spots as above, two scarlet-streaked black dis- 

 coidal marks and two basal spots. Hindwing ochreous-grey, greenish-grey ar.ally, scarlet 

 markings as in male, but less distinct, and the posterior submarginal spots nearly obsolete." 



" Larva green, with ten pairs of long green laterally prejecting very delicate branched 

 spines, each pair tipped with crimson ; a large dorsal purple spot centred with white on back 

 of the fourth, sixth, seventh, and ninth to twelfth segments ; head spotted with black. Feeds 

 on Loranthus, Pupa short, green, keeled along the back and broadly triangular across the 

 middle ; a pale line along the keel and across the middle, a red lateral line and thoracic 

 spots." {Moore, 1. c. in Lep. Cey.) 



E. lubentina has a very wide range. It occurs at Fyzabad in Oudh, in Calcutta and 

 Sikkim, and eastwards as far as Upper Assam, in Burma, Orissa, Bombay, and thence southwards 

 to Ceylon. It is a very distinct species, the numerous scarlet markings will at once distinguish 

 it from any other species of the genus, 



A figure of the pupa under the name of Adolias lubentina is given on Plate II of Vol, I of 

 this work. 



A species allied to E, lubentina has been described from the Malay Peninsula as 

 below.* 



* Eicthalia adonia. Papilio adonia, Cramer, Pap. Ex., vol. iii, pi. cciv, figs. C, 'D, female (17^9) ; Euthalict 

 ado>tia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 41, n. 359 (i8i6) ; E. adonia, var., Distant, Rhop. Malay., p. 120, 

 n. 6, pi. xix, figs. 10, male ; i\, female (1883) ; Nymphalis adonia, Godart, Enc. M(5th., vol. ix, p. 400, n. 173 

 (1819) ; Adolias adonia, Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I. C vol. i, p. 188, n. 378 (1857) ; id., Moore, 

 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., new series, vol. v, p. 67, n. 7 (1859) ; Aconthea bibentina, Horsfield (nee Cramer), Cat. 

 Lep. Mus. E. L C, pi. v, figs. 5, 5a, 7«rt/^(i829). Habitat: Malacca, Java. Expanse: Male, ■z'-^; female ^ 

 2'75 inches. Df.scription : "Male. Upperside dark olivaceous, /^tir^w/w^ with the basal portion of discoidal 

 cell and posterior outer margin greenish ; cell crossed near middle by two black lines, between whirh the colour 

 is reddish ; these lines are followed by a narrow transverse white fascia, which is outwardly concave, beyond 

 which are two other black lines, with a reddish spot between them ; three white spots beyond cell divided by 

 the nervules, and a waved discal series of five white spots placed between the nervules, the lowest between the 

 third and second median nervules ; these are followed by two larger but obscure spots divided by the first 

 median nervule ; an obscure, broken, fuscous submarginal line. Hindwing with the cell crossed by two fuscous 

 lines, and with a broad greenish marginal border : this greenish area contains a medial series of six blackish 

 spots placed between the nervules, with an elongate linear spot at anal angle ; there are also three bright red 

 spots near outer margin at apex and two of the same colour on inner side of the green area, situated one on 

 each side of the lower subcostal nervule, — these are outwardly and inwardly margined with blackish, and .Tre 

 followed by two blackish lines which do not pass first median nervule. Underside pale olivaceous-brown. 

 7V7>-^w/«^ with the cell crossed as above, but with a short basal black line, and the red enclosure brighter and 

 larger, the green shadings on upperside absent. Hindwing with costa narrowly red, with the anal margin 

 greenish, and with the two blackish lines crossing cell enclosing two red spots ; at ape.x of cell and on each side 

 of lower subcostal nervule are two similar black lines enclosing red spots, the first named preceded by a small 

 black spot; a discal series of four red spots placed between the nervules, the lower one beneath the discoidal 

 nervule ; the submarginal series of black spots as above, but smaller, the upper three with an attached outer 

 red spot, and the linear spot at anal angle broken into two. Body and legs more or less concolourous with 

 wings. Female larger than male. Upperside. Forewing olivaceous-brown, marked generally as in male, but 

 with all the white spots very much larger, the waved discal series consisting of nine spots, of which the lower 

 five are very large, irregularly rectangular and sinuously following the three placed beyond cell ; a pale and 

 obscure greenish submarginal streak at posterior angle. Hitidiving olivaceous-brown, with a wide macular, 

 medial white fascia divided by the nervules, outwardly margined with blackish and inwardly margined with 

 the same colour as far as end of cell, which is crossed by two black lines ; outer margin broadly greenish from 

 about discoidal nervule to anal angle ; a submarginal series of seven blackish spots placed betis'een the nervules, 

 the upper three and the seventh attached to an outer red spot. Underside as above, but paler in hue. Fore- 

 tving with the cell marked with red as in male, the submarginal fuscous fascia more distinct than above, and 

 vifith a large white submarginal streak at posterior angle. H induing as above, but paler, the costal margin 

 narrowly red. cellular black lines enclosing a red spot, a similarly enclosed red spot at end of cell, and the same 

 above and near base of upper subcostal nervule ; submarginal spots smaller, the upper three only attached to 

 outer red spots ; abdominal margin pale greenish." 



" The male differs from Javan and typical forms of the species by the darker colouration above and the 

 fewer red spots to the hindwing ; the absence of the red spot at anal angle being particularly noticeable ; the 

 colour beneath is also paler, and the red spots to hindwing fewer and paler. The female also differs in several 

 particulars. It is probable that % distinct race of E, adonia is fouad in the Malay Peninsula." {Distant, I. c.} 



